Spring Boot 编写Servlet、Filter、Listener、Interceptor的方法
前言
在编写过滤器、监听器、拦截器之前我们需要在spring-boot启动的类上加上注解@ServletComponentScan:
@SpringBootApplication @ServletComponentScan public class MySpringbootApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MySpringbootApplication.class, args); } }
Servlet
spring-boot编写过滤器和spring中差不多,直接看代码:
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/serv") public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("------------doget-------------"); doPost(request, response); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("------------dopost-------------"); } }
其实也就是注解的不同而已:
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/serv")
过滤器(Filter)
在spring-boot里编写过滤器我们只需要实现javax.servlet.Filter
@WebFilter(filterName = "myFilter", urlPatterns = "/*") public class MyFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("初始化过滤器"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { System.out.println("执行过滤器"); filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("销毁过滤器!"); } }
然后添加一个注解:
@WebFilter(filterName = "myFilter", urlPatterns = "/*")
监听器 (Listener)
在上面,看了下过滤器的使用。其实监听器和拦截器就差不多了,直接上代码:
@WebListener public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener { @Override public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) { System.out.println("session 被创建"); } @Override public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) { System.out.println("session 被摧毁"); } }
我们发现只是注解发生了变化:
@WebListener
拦截器(Interceptor)
拦截器大致和上面差不多,不过有一点点不同。我们知道在web开发中,可以使用过滤器和拦截器来过滤外部的web请求。但是拦截器提供了更加细致的控制功能。主要有:请求之前、请求之后渲染之前、渲染之后、请求全部结束之后这四个步骤的拦截。
这里面使用拦截器主要有三个步骤
自定义拦截器,实现org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor
自定义WebAppConfigurer,继承WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
在自定义的WebAppConfigurer覆盖父类方法addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry),并在方法中添加自己定义的拦截器
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{ @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println(MyInterceptor.class.getName()+" : 在请求之前调用"); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println(MyInterceptor.class.getName()+" :请求处理之后视图渲染之前使用"); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { System.out.println(MyInterceptor.class.getName()+" :请视图渲染之后使用"); } } @Configuration public class MyWebAppConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { // 多个拦截器组成一个拦截器链 // addPathPatterns 用于添加拦截规则 // excludePathPatterns 用户排除拦截 registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**"); registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor2()).addPathPatterns("/**"); super.addInterceptors(registry); } }
以上就是关于在spring-boot中如何定义过滤器、监听器和拦截器。关于他们的原理以及一些细节问题(如拦截器的拦截顺序),就不详述。有兴趣的可以去网上搜索。
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