docker inspect 操作详解
目录
- 一、功能介绍
- 二、参数说明
- 三、docker inspect -f 更多用法
- 四、参考文档
一、功能介绍
docker inspect
会以 json 格式得到 docker 镜像/容器的元数据。
如下,查看mysql镜像的完整元数据:
docker inspect mysql:5.7 [ { "Id": "sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417", "RepoTags": [ "mysql:5.7" ], "RepoDigests": [ "mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291" ], "Parent": "", "Comment": "", "Created": "2021-09-03T07:25:25.419696974Z", "Container": "9979ac05c87381fb984ce556c94ac87ef0b0209eca50e9a0d81d28756557c2ce", "ContainerConfig": { "Hostname": "9979ac05c873", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "3306/tcp": {}, "33060/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "GOSU_VERSION=1.12", "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7", "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "#(nop) ", "CMD [\"mysqld\"]" ], "Image": "sha256:cae8446f5d2e62008d7a1e3bc66ca14ced29fa4c4d0237cf4e6857fd5ca0c18d", "Volumes": { "/var/lib/mysql": {} }, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "DockerVersion": "20.10.7", "Author": "", "Config": { "Hostname": "", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "3306/tcp": {}, "33060/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "GOSU_VERSION=1.12", "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7", "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10" ], "Cmd": [ "mysqld" ], "Image": "sha256:cae8446f5d2e62008d7a1e3bc66ca14ced29fa4c4d0237cf4e6857fd5ca0c18d", "Volumes": { "/var/lib/mysql": {} }, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": null }, "Architecture": "amd64", "Os": "linux", "Size": 448211969, "VirtualSize": 448211969, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "RootDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/e96512345b168f8f1f03e341bdc1e305687a8a54eefab1dfd5e21665ee01933a/root" }, "Name": "overlay" }, "RootFS": { "Type": "layers", "Layers": [ "sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046", "sha256:731f7c21360385893ff752e1200bf901f7936f973801eb6f10dc81f249920994", "sha256:b2830993d63aac4a4c4c3cdea0ccae39c14d53e69d82d4a6541b35670431f244", "sha256:97a2a3481f0d61f26f855842ffb8170680a68659ab724042b3a000941a5a0a4e", "sha256:35e94dafc854af4a22dd101bc5f6b0b453c91d50ef9893228ae9b41d5fd99226", "sha256:2eaac5532d4479e5e821f724c854b8bc38527708ff484397b841561e21a8fc9a", "sha256:89638afc97cdd7709e24a927a87520751464fbb3af9b564e591f0a783b6276fc", "sha256:71cabb0b234c522858b8398181aac5ff1a98ec6be8ba71c4079a3cb093f6b4de", "sha256:b09979068448d00f4513f2bb8b5a4e3734bbbddc526ed5205fbd52f442727167", "sha256:67536a20af848ab1861ea5e5bf336e223a474e7c411bf21761b8b55f40bde9b9", "sha256:7449e60227868d770c9fd6437a85717bd6d09667e1e066190af887f687c62372" ] }, "Metadata": { "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" } } ]
如下为以mysql:5.7启动的容器的完整元数据:
docker run -itd mysql:5.7 /bin/sh 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 docker inspect 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 [ { "Id": "492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3", "Created": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.321391083Z", "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "/bin/sh" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 48552, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.584406847Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3/492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3-json.log", "Name": "/silly_antonelli", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": { "max-file": "10", "max-size": "100m" } }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": [ { "Name": "NOFILE", "Hard": 655350, "Soft": 655350 } ], "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/e96512345b168f8f1f03e341bdc1e305687a8a54eefab1dfd5e21665ee01933a/root", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/3fbd4444a83b03d8684acd87e38bcaac658d4e038f6e27aaabc10b20152f1563/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/3fbd4444a83b03d8684acd87e38bcaac658d4e038f6e27aaabc10b20152f1563/upper", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay/3fbd4444a83b03d8684acd87e38bcaac658d4e038f6e27aaabc10b20152f1563/work" }, "Name": "overlay" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "cb8a9a3d23814b91df3566e7b14b355cc381aa5719297907a68f6d99a1472294", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/cb8a9a3d23814b91df3566e7b14b355cc381aa5719297907a68f6d99a1472294/_data", "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "492c91fb2b8f", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "3306/tcp": {}, "33060/tcp": {} }, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "GOSU_VERSION=1.12", "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7", "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh" ], "Image": "mysql:5.7", "Volumes": { "/var/lib/mysql": {} }, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "a2f0fe86422968b0c5e1d0b7e4dd66a742dedfc8b01b56eb30649449969f4f12", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "3306/tcp": null, "33060/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/data/docker/exec/netns/a2f0fe864229", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "9cbe344a6886a489cd1b3d4cef5befc454d477d4c5ac59756d8bdf579739f20a", "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]
二、参数说明
2.1、-f
通常我们需要获取某一个具体的key,会用grep,如下,grep会获取到其他的数据,不够完整或者有冗余,还得进一步处理,但是 -f 可以解决这个问题:
docker inspect mysql:5.7 | grep Layers "Layers": [ docker inspect mysql:5.7 | grep -A 30 Layers "Layers": [ "sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046", "sha256:731f7c21360385893ff752e1200bf901f7936f973801eb6f10dc81f249920994", "sha256:b2830993d63aac4a4c4c3cdea0ccae39c14d53e69d82d4a6541b35670431f244", "sha256:97a2a3481f0d61f26f855842ffb8170680a68659ab724042b3a000941a5a0a4e", "sha256:35e94dafc854af4a22dd101bc5f6b0b453c91d50ef9893228ae9b41d5fd99226", "sha256:2eaac5532d4479e5e821f724c854b8bc38527708ff484397b841561e21a8fc9a", "sha256:89638afc97cdd7709e24a927a87520751464fbb3af9b564e591f0a783b6276fc", "sha256:71cabb0b234c522858b8398181aac5ff1a98ec6be8ba71c4079a3cb093f6b4de", "sha256:b09979068448d00f4513f2bb8b5a4e3734bbbddc526ed5205fbd52f442727167", "sha256:67536a20af848ab1861ea5e5bf336e223a474e7c411bf21761b8b55f40bde9b9", "sha256:7449e60227868d770c9fd6437a85717bd6d09667e1e066190af887f687c62372" ] }, "Metadata": { "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" } } ]
docker inspect -f '{{.RootFS.Layers}}' mysql:5.7 [sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046 sha256:731f7c21360385893ff752e1200bf901f7936f973801eb6f10dc81f249920994 sha256:b2830993d63aac4a4c4c3cdea0ccae39c14d53e69d82d4a6541b35670431f244 sha256:97a2a3481f0d61f26f855842ffb8170680a68659ab724042b3a000941a5a0a4e sha256:35e94dafc854af4a22dd101bc5f6b0b453c91d50ef9893228ae9b41d5fd99226 sha256:2eaac5532d4479e5e821f724c854b8bc38527708ff484397b841561e21a8fc9a sha256:89638afc97cdd7709e24a927a87520751464fbb3af9b564e591f0a783b6276fc sha256:71cabb0b234c522858b8398181aac5ff1a98ec6be8ba71c4079a3cb093f6b4de sha256:b09979068448d00f4513f2bb8b5a4e3734bbbddc526ed5205fbd52f442727167 sha256:67536a20af848ab1861ea5e5bf336e223a474e7c411bf21761b8b55f40bde9b9 sha256:7449e60227868d770c9fd6437a85717bd6d09667e1e066190af887f687c62372] # 格式要求 '{{.一级key值.二级key值}}' # 容器同样适用 docker inspect -f '{{.Config.Env}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 [PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin GOSU_VERSION=1.12 MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.35-1debian10]
2.2、--type
指定具体类型 如:–type container 声明查看容器的元数据
docker inspect --type container 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 [ { "Id": "492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3", "Created": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.321391083Z", "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "/bin/sh" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 48552, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2022-06-13T09:01:22.584406847Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, ...
docker inspect --type image mysql:5.7 [ { "Id": "sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417", "RepoTags": [ "mysql:5.7" ], "RepoDigests": [ "mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291" ], "Parent": "", "Comment": "", "Created": "2021-09-03T07:25:25.419696974Z", "Container": "9979ac05c87381fb984ce556c94ac87ef0b0209eca50e9a0d81d28756557c2ce", "ContainerConfig": { "Hostname": "9979ac05c873", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "3306/tcp": {}, "33060/tcp": {} }, ...
2.3、-s
显示总的文件大小
docker inspect -s 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 | grep Size "ShmSize": 67108864, "ConsoleSize": [ "SizeRw": 37, "SizeRootFs": 448212006, docker inspect 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 | grep Size "ShmSize": 67108864, "ConsoleSize": [
三、docker inspect -f 更多用法
简单地说,-f 的实参是个 Go 模版,并在容器/镜像的元数据上以该 Go 模版作为输入,最终返回模版指定的数据。Go 模版是一种模板引擎,让数据以指定的模式输出。这个概念对于 Web 开发者是非常熟悉的,Web 领域有很多模版引擎,比如 Jinga2(用于 Python 和 Flask)、Mustache、JSP 等等,看下面的简单示例:
docker inspect -f "The image's repotags is {{.RepoTags}}" mysql:5.7 The image's repotags is [mysql:5.7]
3.1、Go 模版 详解
模版指令
{{ }} 语法用于处理模版指令,大括号外的任何字符都将直接输出。
上下文
“.” 表示“当前上下文”。大多数情况下表示了容器元数据的整个数据结构,但在某些情况下可以重新规定上下文,比如使用 with 函数:
docker inspect -f '{{.State.Pid}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 48552 docker inspect -f '{{with .State}} {{.Pid}} {{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 48552
$
可以使用 $ 来获取根上下文,只能获取一级key值
docker inspect -f '{{$.Name}} has pid {{with .State}} {{.Pid}} {{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 /silly_antonelli has pid 48552
注意,单独使用 “.” 本身也是可以的,将输出未格式化的完整元数据:
3.2、数据类型
inspect 数据可以由浮点数、字符串和布尔组成,可以使用 Go 模版内置函数进行比较判断。虽然 Go 模版支持整数,但目前 inspect 数据中的数值类型都是浮点数,而整数应该对于大多数场景更方便(详见该Issue)。使用字符串时可以使用双引号。
数据中不存在的值是不可以用来比较的:
docker inspect -f '{{.ExecIDs}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 [] docker inspect 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 | grep ExecIDs "ExecIDs": null, docker inspect -f '{{eq .ExecIDs .ExecIDs}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <eq .ExecIDs .ExecIDs>: error calling eq: invalid type for comparison
3.3、数据结构
inspect 数据使用 map 以及数组保存。Map 结构可以通过 . 的链式来访问 map 内部数据:
docker inspect -f '{{.State.ExitCode}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 0
3.3.1、如果需要获取的属性名称包含 “/”(比如下列示例数据)或者以数字开头,则不能直接通过级联调用获取信息。因为属性名称中的点号会被解析成级联信息,进而导致返回错误结果。即便使用引号将其包含也会提示语法格式错误。此时,需要通过 index 来读取指定属性信息。前面卷的例子可以这样写:
docker inspect -f '{{.Config.Volumes./var/lib/mysql}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1: bad character U+002F '/' # 双引号也不行 docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.Ports.3306/tcp}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1: unexpected ".3306" in operand #docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.Ports."3306/tcp"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1: bad character U+0022 '"' # 正确写法 !!!注意 index 与之后的数据之间包含空格,与之后双引号括起来的也有空格,否则报错 docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Ports "3306/tcp"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 <no value> docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Volumes "/var/lib/mysql"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 {} #报错如下 docker inspect -f '{{index.NetworkSettings.Ports "3306/tcp"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <index>: wrong number of args for index: want at least 1 got 0
3.3.2、如果返回结果是一个 map, slice, array 或 string,则可以使用 index 加索引序号(从零开始计数)来读取属性值
docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.ReadonlyPaths}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 [/proc/bus /proc/fs /proc/irq /proc/sys /proc/sysrq-trigger] docker inspect -f '{{index .HostConfig.ReadonlyPaths 0}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 /proc/bus # 另一种类型,包含多个键值对的获取 想要获取EndpointID的值: "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "a2f0fe86422968b0c5e1d0b7e4dd66a742dedfc8b01b56eb30649449969f4f12", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "3306/tcp": null, "33060/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/data/docker/exec/netns/a2f0fe864229", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "9cbe344a6886a489cd1b3d4cef5befc454d477d4c5ac59756d8bdf579739f20a", "EndpointID": "d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "DriverOpts": null } } } docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge 4}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge 4>: error calling index: value has type int; should be string docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge "4"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 <no value> docker inspect -f '{{index .NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge "EndpointID"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 d41dfa3aadb23af2c459845e9ba11e87a13e7d96e170c879b6b14db76d443168
3.4、函数
除了 index 函数,其他很多函数也很常用。比如逻辑函数 and、or 可以返回布尔结果。注意,函数是不能放在中间:
docker inspect -f '{{true and true}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <true>: can't give argument to non-function true docker inspect -f '{{and true true}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 true
下面是一些常用的比较函数:
eq (等于)
ne (不等于)
lt (小于)
le (小于等于)
gt (大于)
ge (大于等于)
我们可以用这些函数来比较字符串、浮点数或整数:
docker inspect -f '{{and true true}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 true docker inspect -f '{{eq "abc" "abc"}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 true docker inspect -f '{{ge 1 3}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 false docker inspect -f '{{lt 4.5 4.6}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 true docker inspect -f '{{ne 4.5 4.5}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 false
要注意的是操作数类型必须匹配,数字比较时也需要类型匹配:
docker inspect -f '{{ne 4 4.5}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <ne 4 4.5>: error calling ne: incompatible types for comparison docker inspect -f '{{lt 4.5 4.6}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 true docker inspect -f '{{gt .State.Pid 1}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 true docker inspect -f '{{gt .State.Pid 1.0}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Template parsing error: template: :1:2: executing "" at <gt .State.Pid 1.0>: error calling gt: incompatible types for comparison
比较特殊的是,它支持多个参数进行与比较,此时,它会将第一个参数和其余参数依次比较,返回下式的结果:
{{if eq true .Var1 .Var2 .Var3}}{{end}}
# 效果等同于:
arg1==arg2 || arg1==arg3 || arg1==arg4
另外,可以使用 json 函数来生成 JSON 输出:
docker inspect -f '{{json .NetworkSettings.Ports}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3
{"3306/tcp":null,"33060/tcp":null}
3.5、if 语句
条件语句 if 可以和前面的比较函数一起使用:
$ docker inspect -f '{{if eq .State.ExitCode 0}} Normal Exit {{else if eq .State.ExitCode 1}} Not a Normal Exit {{else}} Still Not a Normal Exit {{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Normal Exit //假设ExitCode为0时的结果
优化显示后为:
$ docker inspect -f '{{if eq .State.ExitCode 0}} Normal Exit {{else if eq .State.ExitCode 1}} Not a Normal Exit {{else}} Still Not a Normal Exit {{end}}' 492c91fb2b8ff1a334fcd64ba3e46585701e7e5809f564bc2c65f3a655458db3 Normal Exit //假设ExitCode为0时的结果
注意,{{end}} 语句必须有,else if 和 else 按需使用。
3.6、range迭代数据
range 用于遍历结构内返回值的所有数据。支持的类型包括 array, slice, map 和 channel。使用要点:
对应的值长度为 0 时,range 不会执行。
结构内部如要使用外部的变量,需要在前面加 引用,比如Var2。
range 也支持 else 操作。效果是:当返回值为空或长度为 0 时执行 else 内的内容。
docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID 240390 docker inspect --format '{{print .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID 24039 0 docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{println " 从这换行"}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID 24039 从这换行 0 docker inspect --format '{{printf "Pid:%d ExitCode:%d" .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID Pid:24039 ExitCode:0 123456789101112
3.7、打印信息
docker --format 默认调用 go语言的 print 函数对模板中的字符串进行输出。而 go语言还有另外几种相似的内置函数,对比说明如下:
print: 将传入的对象转换为字符串并写入到标准输出中。如果后跟多个参数,输出结果之间会自动填充空格进行分隔。
println: 功能和 print 类似,但会在结尾添加一个换行符。也可以直接使用 {{println}} 来换行。
printf: 与 shell 等环境一致,可配合占位符用于格式化输出。
docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID 240390 docker inspect --format '{{print .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID 24039 0 docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}{{println " 从这换行"}}{{.State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID 24039 从这换行 0 docker inspect --format '{{printf "Pid:%d ExitCode:%d" .State.Pid .State.ExitCode}}' $INSTANCE_ID Pid:24039 ExitCode:0 123456789101112
3.8、管道
管道 即 pipeline ,与 shell 中类似,可以是上下文的变量输出,也可以是函数通过管道传递的返回值。
{{.Con | markdown | addlinks}} {{.Name | printf "%s"}}
3.9、Docker内置函数
3.9.1、 json
Docker 默认以字符串显示返回结果。而该函数可以将结果格式化为压缩后的 json 格式数据。
# 获取 Config 字段对应的 json 数据 docker inspect --format='{{json .Config}}' $INSTANCE_ID
3.9.2、 join
用指定的字符串将返回结果连接后一起展示。操作对象必须是字符串数组
# 输出容器配置的所有 Entrypoint 参数,以 " , " 分隔: docker inspect --format '{{join .Config.Entrypoint " , "}}' $INSTANCE_ID
3.9.3、 lower
将返回结果中的字母全部转换为小写。操作对象必须是字符串。
docker inspect --format "{{lower .Name}}" $INSTANCE_ID
3.9.4、upper
将返回结果中的字母全部转换为大写。操作对象必须是字符串。
docker inspect --format "{{lower .Name}}" $INSTANCE_ID
3.9.5、 title
将返回结果的首字母转换为大写。操作对象必须是字符串,而且不能是纯数字。
docker inspect --format "{{title .State.Status}}" $INSTANCE_ID
3.9.6、split
使用指定分隔符将返回结果拆分为字符串列表。操作对象必须是字符串且不能是纯数字。同时,字符串中必须包含相应的分隔符,否则会直接忽略操作。
docker inspect --format '{{split .HostsPath "/"}}' $INSTANCE_ID
3.10、常用docker inspect --format 输出示例
$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2ed603e52896 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..." 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes docker-test111 24e6607534f1 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..." 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes docker-test11 19be6b264b6e 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..." 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes docker-test1 1) 获取容器的IP (后面使用容器名或容器ID都可以) $ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -q) 192.10.160.193 173.20.19.128 17.16.10.128 $ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' docker-test1 17.16.10.128 2) 获取容器的MAC地址 $ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.MacAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -a -q) ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee [root@node1 ~]# docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.MacAddress}}{{end}}' docker-test1 ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee 3) 获取容器Name $ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' $(docker ps -aq) /docker-test111 /docker-test11 /docker-test1 /calico-node $ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' $(docker ps -aq)|cut -d"/" -f2 docker-test111 docker-test11 docker-test1 $ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' docker-test1 /docker-test1 $ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}' docker-test1|cut -d"/" -f2 docker-test1 4) 获取容器Hostname $ docker inspect --format '{{ .Config.Hostname }}' $(docker ps -q) 2ed603e52896 24e6607534f1 19be6b264b6e $ docker inspect --format '{{ .Config.Hostname }}' docker-test1 19be6b264b6e 5) Hostname Name IP $ docker inspect --format 'Hostname:{{ .Config.Hostname }} Name:{{.Name}} IP:{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -q) Hostname:2ed603e52896 Name:/docker-test111 IP:192.10.160.193 Hostname:24e6607534f1 Name:/docker-test11 IP:173.20.19.128 Hostname:19be6b264b6e Name:/docker-test1 IP:17.16.10.128 $ docker inspect --format 'Hostname:{{ .Config.Hostname }} Name:{{.Name}} IP:{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' docker-test1 Hostname:19be6b264b6e Name:/docker-test1 IP:17.16.10.128 6) 获取容器的log path $ docker inspect --format='{{.LogPath}}' `docker ps -a -q` $ docker inspect --format='{{.LogPath}}' docker-test1 7) 获取容器的image镜像名称 $ docker inspect --format='{{.Config.Image}}' `docker ps -a -q` 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx quay.io/calico/node:v2.6.10 $ docker inspect --format='{{.Config.Image}}' docker-test1 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx 8) 获取容器绑定的端口(port bindings) $ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' `docker ps -a -q` $ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' docker-test1 9) 获取service实例的Ip $ docker service ps my-test ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS t71gqufekv2o my-test.1 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx:latest swarm-node2 Running Running 16 seconds ago 9cuq2yf10d60 my-test.2 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx:latest swarm-manager-node Running Running 16 seconds ago srt2yo817kpv my-test.3 172.16.60.214:5000/nginx:latest swarm-node1 Running Running 16 seconds ago $ docker inspect ` docker service ps my-test -q` --format '{{range .NetworksAttachments}}{{.Addresses}}{{end}}' | cut -d '[' -f2|cut -d ']' -f1 10.255.0.7/16 10.255.0.8/16 10.255.0.9/16 10) 获取service示例的container ID (获取的是ID的全称,一般只要取ID前面12个字符就可以了) $ docker inspect ` docker service ps my-test -q` --format '{{ .Status.ContainerStatus.ContainerID }}' c6c18a74a465163757fe928fec9e633223200f92d1c59e5d2d77eabfaa5ae93a 5f558bb014ea3d3eef5c8d4bd70e2e3048d7fc6725538303be960ac658d93b32 dde578bf60190a63ed5c8c4a9f5a3044566a159e8debe8717342e263c6199f26
四、参考文档
1、https://blog.csdn.net/u013288190/article/details/108955218
2、https://blog.csdn.net/m0_45406092/article/details/103671832
3、https://ld246.com/article/1427784659823
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