SpringCloud Hystrix熔断器使用方法介绍
目录
- Hystrix(hi si ju ke si)概述
- Hystix 主要功能
- 隔离
- Hystrix 降级
- Hystrix降级-服务提供方
- 初始化程序和Fiegn程序一致
- Hystrix降级-服务消费方
- provider与Fiegin一致
- Hystrix 熔断
- Hystrix 熔断监控
- Turbine聚合监控
- 搭建监控模块
- 修改被监控模块
- 启动测试
Hystrix(hi si ju ke si)概述
Hystix 是 Netflix 开源的一个延迟和容错库,用于隔离访问远程服务、第三方库,防止出现级联失败(雪崩)。
雪崩:一个服务失败,导致整条链路的服务都失败的情形。
Hystix 主要功能
- 隔离
- 降级
- 熔断
- 限流
隔离
- 线程池隔离
- 信号量隔离
Hystrix 降级
Hystix 降级:当服务发生异常或调用超时,返回默认数据
Hystrix降级-服务提供方
- 在服务提供方,引入 hystrix 依赖
- 定义降级方法
- 使用 @HystrixCommand 注解配置降级方法
- 在启动类上开启Hystrix功能:@EnableCircuitBreaker
初始化程序和Fiegn程序一致
需要修改的程序
package com.itheima.provider; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; /** * 启动类 */ @EnableEurekaClient //该注解 在新版本中可以省略 @SpringBootApplication @EnableCircuitBreaker ///开启Hystrix功能 public class ProviderApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class,args); } }
测试的程序
package com.itheima.provider.controller; import com.itheima.provider.domain.Goods; import com.itheima.provider.service.GoodsService; import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand; import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.Date; /** * Goods Controller 服务提供方 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/goods") public class GoodsController { @Autowired private GoodsService goodsService; @Value("${server.port}") private int port; /** * 降级: * 1 出现异常 * 2 调用服务超时 * 默认1s超时 * *@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findOne_fallback") * fallbackMethod 指定降级后的名称 * @param id * @return */ @GetMapping("/findOne/{id}") @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findOne_fallback",commandProperties = { //设置Hystrix的超时时间 默认1s @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000") })///指定降级后的方法 public Goods findOne(@PathVariable("id") int id) { ///1 造个异常 //int i =3/0; try { Thread.sleep(2000);//sleep interrupted } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Goods goods = goodsService.findOne(id); goods.setTitle(goods.getTitle() + ":" + port);//将端口号,设置到了 商品标题上 return goods; } /** * 定义降级放啊 * 1 方法的返回值需要和原方法一样 * 2 方法参数需要和原方法一样 */ public Goods findOne_fallback(int id) { Goods goods = new Goods(); goods.setTitle("降级了~~~"); return goods; } }
指定坐标
<!--hystrix--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
Hystrix降级-服务消费方
- feign 组件已经集成了 hystrix 组件。
- 定义feign 调用接口实现类,复写方法,即降级方法
- 在 @FeignClient 注解中使用 fallback 属性设置降级处理类。
- 配置开启 feign.hystrix.enabled = true
provider与Fiegin一致
application.yml修改
server:
port: 9000eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost # 主机名
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
application:
name: hystrix-consumer # 设置当前应用的名称。将来会在eureka中Application显示。将来需要使用该名称来获取路径
#开启feign对hystrix支持
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
ConsumerApp修改
package com.itheima.consumer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @EnableDiscoveryClient // 激活DiscoveryClient @EnableEurekaClient @SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients //开启Feign的功能 public class ConsumerApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class,args); } }
修改GoodsFeignClient方法
package com.itheima.consumer.feign; import com.itheima.consumer.domain.Goods; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; @FeignClient(value = "HYSTRIX-PROVIDER",fallback = GoodsFeignClientFallback.class) public interface GoodsFeignClient { @GetMapping("/goods/findOne/{id}") public Goods findGoodsById(@PathVariable("id") int id); }
复写方法
package com.itheima.consumer.feign; import com.itheima.consumer.domain.Goods; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Fegin 客户端降级处理类 * 1 定义类 实现Feign 客户端接口 * 2 使用@Component注解将该类的Bean加入SpringIOC容器 */ @Component public class GoodsFeignClientFallback implements GoodsFeignClient{ @Override public Goods findGoodsById(int id) { Goods goods = new Goods(); goods.setTitle("又被降级了~~"); return goods; } }
Hystrix 熔断
Hystrix 熔断机制,用于监控微服务调用情况,当失败的情况达到预定的阈值(5秒失败20次),会打开断路器,拒绝所有请求,直到服务恢复正常为止。
- circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds:监控时间
- circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold:失败次数
- circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage:失败率
//设置Hystrix的超时时间 默认1s @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000"), //监控的时间 默认5000ms @HystrixProperty(name="circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "1000"), //失败次数,默认20次 @HystrixProperty(name="circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "2"), //失败率 百分之50 @HystrixProperty(name="circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "100")
Hystrix 熔断监控
- Hystrix 提供了 Hystrix-dashboard 功能,用于实时监控微服务运行状态。
- 但是Hystrix-dashboard只能监控一个微服务。
- Netflix 还提供了 Turbine ,进行聚合监控。
Turbine聚合监控
搭建监控模块
1. 创建监控模块
创建hystrix-monitor模块,使用Turbine聚合监控多个Hystrix dashboard功能,
2. 引入Turbine聚合监控起步依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>hystrix-parent</artifactId> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>hystrix-monitor</artifactId> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--单独熔断监控--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> </dependency> <!--聚合熔断监控--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-turbine</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3. 修改application.yml
spring:
application.name: hystrix-monitor
server:
port: 8769
turbine:
combine-host-port: true
# 配置需要监控的服务名称列表
app-config: hystrix-provider,hystrix-consumer
cluster-name-expression: "'default'"
aggregator:
cluster-config: default
#instanceUrlSuffix: /actuator/hystrix.stream
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
4. 创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableTurbine //开启Turbine 很聚合监控功能 @EnableHystrixDashboard //开启Hystrix仪表盘监控功能 public class HystrixMonitorApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HystrixMonitorApp.class, args); } }
修改被监控模块
需要分别修改 hystrix-provider 和 hystrix-consumer 模块:
1、导入依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> </dependency>
2、配置Bean
此处为了方便,将其配置在启动类中。
@Bean public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() { HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet(); ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet); registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1); registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/actuator/hystrix.stream"); registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet"); return registrationBean; }
3、启动类上添加注解@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableEurekaClient @SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @EnableHystrixDashboard // 开启Hystrix仪表盘监控功能 public class ConsumerApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class,args); } @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() { HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet(); ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet); registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1); registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/actuator/hystrix.stream"); registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet"); return registrationBean; } }
启动测试
1、启动服务:
- eureka-server
- hystrix-provider
- hystrix-consumer
- hystrix-monitor
2、访问:
在浏览器访问http://localhost:8769/hystrix/ 进入Hystrix Dashboard界面
界面中输入监控的Url地址 http://localhost:8769/turbine.stream,监控时间间隔2000毫秒和title,如下图
- 实心圆:它有颜色和大小之分,分别代表实例的监控程度和流量大小。如上图所示,它的健康度从绿色、黄色、橙色、红色递减。通过该实心圆的展示,我们就可以在大量的实例中快速的发现故障实例和高压力实例。
- 曲线:用来记录 2 分钟内流量的相对变化,我们可以通过它来观察到流量的上升和下降趋势。
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