Python轮播图与导航栏功能的实现流程全讲解
目录
- 轮播图功能
- 安装依赖模块
- 上传文件相关配置
- 注册home子应用
- 创建轮播图的model模型
- 创建Banner的序列化器
- 创建Banner的视图类
- 配置Banner的路由
- 配置Xadmin
- 配置文件注册Xadmin应用
- 在总路由中添加xadmin的路由信息
- 给Xadmin配置基本的站点信息
- 注册轮播图模型到xadmin中
- 修改后端Xadmin中子应用名称
- 给轮播图添加测试数据
- web端代码获取数据
- 导航栏的实现
- 前端导航栏子组件Header的代码
- 后端导航栏的实现
- 设计导航栏的model模型类
- 在Xadmin中注册导航栏模型类
- 在Xadmin中添加一些导航栏数据
- 序列化器
- 视图代码
- 常量配置
- 路由代码
轮播图功能
安装依赖模块
图片处理模块
pip install pillow
上传文件相关配置
由于我们需要在后台上传我们的轮播图图片,所以我们需要在django中配置一下上传文件的相关配置,有了它之后,就不需要我们自己写上传文件,保存文件的操作了,看配置
dev.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/' # 设置django的静态文件目录 # STATICFILES_DIRS = [ # os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static") # ] # 项目中存储上传文件的根目录[暂时配置],注意,uploads目录需要手动创建否则上传文件时报错 MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "uploads") # 访问上传文件的url地址前缀 MEDIA_URL = "/media/"
总路由urls.py
在django项目中转换上传文件的Url地址,总路由urls.py新增代码:
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, re_path, include from django.views.static import serve from django.conf import settings import xadmin xadmin.autodiscover() # version模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model from xadmin.plugins import xversion xversion.register_models() urlpatterns = [ # path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path(r'xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls), re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), ]
注册home子应用
因为当前功能是drf的第一个功能,所以我们先创建一个子应用home,创建在lyapi/apps目录下
cd lyapi/apps/
python manage.py startapp home
注册home子应用,因为子应用的位置发生了改变,所以为了原来子应用的注册写法,所以新增一个导包路径:
dev.py
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # 新增一个系统导包路径 import sys #sys.path使我们可以直接import导入时使用到的路径,所以我们直接将我们的apps路径加到默认搜索路径里面去,那么django就能直接找到apps下面的应用了 sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps")) ... INSTALLED_APPS = [ # 注意,加上drf框架的注册 ... 'rest_framework', ... # 子应用 'home', ]
创建轮播图的model模型
apps/home/models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Banner(models.Model): """轮播广告图模型""" # 模型字段 title = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="广告标题") link = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="广告链接") # upload_to 设置上传文件的保存子目录,将来上传来的文件会存到我们的media下面的banner文件夹下,这里存的是图片地址。 image_url = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner", null=True, blank=True, max_length=255, verbose_name="广告图片") remark = models.TextField(verbose_name="备注信息") is_show = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否显示") # 将来轮播图肯定会更新,到底显示哪些 orders = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name="排序") # 轮播图优先显示,default数字越大越优先显示 is_deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否删除") # 表信息声明 class Meta: db_table = "ly_banner" verbose_name = "轮播广告" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name # 自定义方法[自定义字段或者自定义工具方法] def __str__(self): return self.title
执行数据库迁移指令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
创建Banner的序列化器
apps/home/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers from . import models class BannerModelSeiralizer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Banner fields = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'image_url']
创建Banner的视图类
apps/home/views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView from . import models from .serializer import BannerModelSeiralizer # 这个是把所有的常量参数放在一个文件内,谁用谁拿 from lyapi.settings import contains # Create your views here. class BannerView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Banner.objects.filter(is_show=True, is_deleted=False).order_by('orders')[0:contains.BANNER_LENGTH] serializer_class = BannerModelSeiralizer
在settings配置文件夹中创建一个constants.py配置文件,将来里面存放我们所有的一些常量信息配置,比如上面的轮播图数据切片长度
settings/constant.py
# 轮播图显示条数
BANNER_LENGTH = 3
配置Banner的路由
总路由utils/urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path, include from django.views.static import serve from django.conf import settings import xadmin xadmin.autodiscover() # version模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model from xadmin.plugins import xversion xversion.register_models() urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), path(r'home/', include('home.urls')), ]
应用中的路由apps/home/urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path from django.conf import settings from . import views urlpatterns = [ path(r'banner/', views.BannerView.as_view()), ]
配置Xadmin
配置文件注册Xadmin应用
settings/dev.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'home', 'users', 'xadmin', 'crispy_forms', 'reversion', ] # LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' # 原来配置文件中的两个原配置注掉,用我们的 # TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' # 修改使用中文界面 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans' # 修改时区 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
xadmin有建立自己的数据库模型类,需要进行数据库迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
在总路由中添加xadmin的路由信息
from django.urls import path, re_path, include from django.views.static import serve from django.conf import settings import xadmin xadmin.autodiscover() # version模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model from xadmin.plugins import xversion xversion.register_models() urlpatterns = [ # path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path(r'xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls), ]
给Xadmin配置基本的站点信息
home/adminx.py
import xadmin from xadmin import views class BaseSetting(object): """xadmin的基本配置""" enable_themes = True # 开启主题切换功能 use_bootswatch = True xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting) class GlobalSettings(object): """xadmin的全局配置""" site_title = "莽夫学城" # 设置站点标题 site_footer = "莽夫学城有限公司" # 设置站点的页脚 menu_style = "accordion" # 设置菜单折叠 xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)
创建超级管理员
python manage.py createsuperuser
注册轮播图模型到xadmin中
apps/home/adminx.py
在当前子应用中创建adminx.py,添加如下代码
class BannerXadmin(object): # 需要展示的字段用中文显示 list_display = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'image_url', 'is_show'] # 注册Xadmin xadmin.site.register(models.Banner, BannerXadmin)
修改后端Xadmin中子应用名称
apps/home/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig class HomeConfig(AppConfig): name = 'home' verbose_name = '我的首页'
apps/home/__ init__.py
default_app_config = "home.apps.HomeConfig"
给轮播图添加测试数据
经过上面的操作,我们就完成了轮播图的API接口,接下来,可以考虑提交一个代码版本.
git add .
git commit -m "服务端实现轮播图的API接口"
git push origin master
web端代码获取数据
src/components/Home.vue
<template> <div class="home"> <Header></Header> <Banner></Banner> <Footer></Footer> </div> </template> <script> import Header from '@/components/common/Header' import Banner from '@/components/common/Banner' import Footer from '@/components/common/Footer' export default { name: "Home", components: { Header, Banner, Footer, } } </script> <style scoped> </style>
src/components/common/Banner.vue
<template> <!-- <h1>轮播图组件</h1>--> <el-carousel indicator-position="outside" height="400px"> <el-carousel-item v-for="(value,index) in banner_list" :key="index"> <a :href="value.link" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"> <img :src="value.image_url" alt="" style="width: 100%;height: 400px"> </a> </el-carousel-item> </el-carousel> </template> <script> //router-link主要用于站内页面跳转,使用的是相对路径 //a标签用于外部链接页面跳转 export default { name: "Banner", data() { return { banner_list: [], } }, created() { this.$axios.get(`${this.$settings.host}/home/banner/`) .then((res) => { this.banner_list = res.data; }) .catch((error) => { }) }, } </script> <style scoped> </style>
导航栏的实现
前端导航栏子组件Header的代码
lyweb/src/components/common/Header.vue
<template> <div class="total-header"> <div class="header"> <el-container> <el-header height="80px" class="header-cont"> <el-row> <el-col class="logo" :span="3"> <a href="/" rel="external nofollow" > <img src="@/assets/head-logo.svg" alt=""> </a> </el-col> <el-col class="nav" :span="10"> <el-row> <el-col :span="4" v-for="(top_nav, index) in nav_top_list" :key="top_nav.id"> <router-link :to="top_nav.link" v-if="!top_nav.is_site">{{ top_nav.title }}</router-link> <a :href="top_nav.link" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" v-else>{{ top_nav.title }}</a> </el-col> </el-row> </el-col> <el-col :span="11" class="header-right-box"> <div class="search"> <input type="text" id="Input" placeholder="请输入想搜索的课程" style="" @blur="inputShowHandler" ref="Input" v-show="!s_status"> <ul @click="ulShowHandler" v-show="s_status" class="search-ul"> <span>Python</span> <span>Linux</span> </ul> <p> <img class="icon" src="@/assets/sousuo1.png" alt="" v-show="s_status"> <img class="icon" src="@/assets/sousuo2.png" alt="" v-show="!s_status"> <img class="new" src="@/assets/new.png" alt=""> </p> </div> <div class="register" v-show="!token"> <router-link to="/login"> <button class="signin">登录</button> </router-link> | <a target="_blank" href="https://www.luffycity.com/signup" rel="external nofollow" > <router-link to="/register"> <button class="signup">注册</button> </router-link> </a> </div> <div class="shop-car" v-show="token"> <router-link to="/cart"> <b>6</b> <img src="@/assets/shopcart.png" alt=""> <span>购物车 </span> </router-link> </div> <div class="nav-right-box" v-show="token"> <div class="nav-right"> <router-link to="/myclass"> <div class="nav-study">我的教室</div> </router-link> <div class="nav-img" @mouseover="personInfoList" @mouseout="personInfoOut"> <img src="@/assets/touxiang.png" alt="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(243, 243, 243);"> <ul class="home-my-account" v-show="list_status" @mouseover="personInfoList"> <li> 我的账户 <img src="" alt="@/assets/back.svg"> </li> <li> 我的订单 <img src="@/assets/back.svg" alt=""> </li> <li> 贝里小卖铺 <img src="@/assets/back.svg" alt=""> </li> <li> 我的优惠券 <img src="@/assets/back.svg" alt=""> </li> <li> <span> 我的消息 <b>(26)</b> </span> <img src="" alt=""> </li> <li> 退出 <img src="" alt=""> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </el-col> </el-row> </el-header> </el-container> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Header", data() { return { // 设置一个登录状态的标记,因为登录注册部分在登录之后会发生变化 token: false, // false -- not login true -- login s_status: true, // 控制放大镜颜色切换 list_status: false, // 控制个人中心下拉菜单是否显示 nav_top_list: [], where: 0, // 记录token的存放位置 } }, methods: { checklogin() { if (localStorage.token) { this.token = localStorage.token this.where = 1; } else if (sessionStorage.token) { this.token = sessionStorage.token this.where = 0; } else { return false; } // this.token = localStorage.token || sessionStorage.token; this.$axios.post(`${this.$settings.host}/users/verify_token/`, { token: this.token, }) .then((res) => { if (this.where === 0) { sessionStorage.token = res.data.token; } else { localStorage.token = res.data.token; } }) .catch((error) => { this.$confirm('请重新登录', '提示', { confirmButtonText: '确定', cancelButtonText: '取消', type: 'warning' }).then(() => { this.$router.push('/login'); }).catch(() => { this.token = false; }) }) }, ulShowHandler() { this.s_status = false; // console.log(this.$refs.Input); // this.$refs.Input.focus(); this.$nextTick(() => { //延迟回调方法,Vue中DOM更新是异步的,也就是说让Vue去显示我们的input标签的操作是异步的,如果我们直接执行this.$refs.Input.focus();是不行的,因为异步的去显示input标签的操作可能还没有完成,所有我们需要等它完成之后在进行DOM的操作,需要借助延迟回调对DOM进行操作,这是等这次操作对应的所有Vue中DOM的更新完成之后,在进行nextTick的操作。 this.$refs.Input.focus(); }) }, inputShowHandler() { // console.log('xxxxx') this.s_status = true; }, personInfoList() { this.list_status = true; }, personInfoOut() { this.list_status = false; }, get_nav_data() { this.$axios.get(`${this.$settings.host}/home/nav/top`) .then((res) => { this.nav_top_list = res.data; }) .catch((error) => { }) }, }, created() { this.get_nav_data(); this.checklogin(); } } </script> <style scoped> .header-cont .nav .active { color: #f5a623; font-weight: 500; border-bottom: 2px solid #f5a623; } .total-header { min-width: 1200px; z-index: 100; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 hsla(0, 0%, 59%, .1); } .header { width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; } .header .el-header { padding: 0; } .logo { height: 80px; /*line-height: 80px;*/ /*text-align: center;*/ display: flex; /* css3里面的弹性布局,高度设定好之后,设置这个属性就能让里面的内容居中 */ align-items: center; } .nav .el-row .el-col { height: 80px; line-height: 80px; text-align: center; } .nav a { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; cursor: pointer; color: #4a4a4a; text-decoration: none; } .nav .el-row .el-col a:hover { border-bottom: 2px solid #f5a623 } .header-cont { position: relative; } .search input { width: 185px; height: 26px; font-size: 14px; color: #4a4a4a; border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #ffc210; outline: none; } .search ul { width: 185px; height: 26px; display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 0; padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 59%, .25); cursor: text; margin: 0; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; } .search .search-ul, .search #Input { padding-top: 10px; } .search ul span { color: #545c63; font-size: 12px; padding: 3px 12px; background: #eeeeef; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 3px; border-radius: 11px; } .hide { display: none; } .search { height: auto; display: flex; } .search p { position: relative; margin-right: 20px; margin-left: 4px; } .search p .icon { width: 16px; height: 16px; cursor: pointer; } .search p .new { width: 18px; height: 10px; position: absolute; left: 15px; top: 0; } .register { height: 36px; display: flex; align-items: center; line-height: 36px; } .register .signin, .register .signup { font-size: 14px; color: #5e5e5e; white-space: nowrap; } .register button { outline: none; cursor: pointer; border: none; background: transparent; } .register a { color: #000; outline: none; } .header-right-box { height: 100%; display: flex; align-items: center; font-size: 15px; color: #4a4a4a; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .shop-car { width: 99px; height: 28px; border-radius: 15px; margin-right: 20px; background: #f7f7f7; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; cursor: pointer; } .shop-car b { position: absolute; left: 28px; top: -1px; width: 18px; height: 16px; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 350; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; background: #ff0826; overflow: hidden; transform: scale(.8); } .shop-car img { width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 7px; } .nav-right-box { position: relative; } .nav-right-box .nav-right { float: right; display: flex; height: 100%; line-height: 60px; position: relative; } .nav-right .nav-study { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 300; color: #5e5e5e; margin-right: 20px; cursor: pointer; } .nav-right .nav-study:hover { color: #000; } .nav-img img { width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; } .home-my-account { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 60px; z-index: 101; width: 190px; height: auto; background: #fff; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 #d0d0d0; } li { list-style: none; } .home-my-account li { height: 40px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 300; color: #5e5e5e; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; box-sizing: border-box; } .home-my-account li img { cursor: pointer; width: 5px; height: 10px; } .home-my-account li span { height: 40px; display: flex; align-items: center; } .home-my-account li span b { font-weight: 300; margin-top: -2px; } </style>
导航栏底部组件
lyweb/src/components/common/Footer.vue
<template> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer-item"> <div class="foot-left"> <div class="foot-content"> <p> <span>关于我们</span> | <span>贝里小卖铺</span> </p> <p> 地址:...... </p> <p> .......... <a class="copyright" href="http://beian.miit.gov.cn" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" >京ICP备17072161号-1</a> </p> <p> <a class="report-link" target="_blank" href="http://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=11010102002019&token=1ee3034d-ba3a-4cc3-89d4-89875e2dd0b1" rel="external nofollow" > <img class="report-img" src="https://img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB1..50QpXXXXX7XpXXXXXXXXXX-40-40.png" style="float:left" > 京公网安备 11010102002019号 </a> </p> </div> </div> <img src="@/assets/code.png" alt="" class="code"> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Footer" } </script> <style scoped> .footer{ display: flex; align-items: center; width: 100%; height: 140px; flex-direction: column; overflow: hidden; background: #191c25; } .footer .foot-left{ display: flex; align-items: center; } .footer .foot-left .foot-content p{ margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 13px; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; font-weight: 400; color: #d0d0d0; } .footer-item{ width: 960px; height: 100%; justify-content: space-between; } .foot-left{ display: flex; align-items: center; float: left; } .foot-content a{ color: #d0d0d0; } .footer .foot-left .foot-content p:first-child span{ font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; display: inline-block; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; cursor: pointer; } .foot-content .report-img{ display: inline-block; height: 20px; margin-right: 12px; } .footer-item .code{ width: 74px; height: auto; margin-right: 100px; float: right; padding-top: 30px; } </style>
后端导航栏的实现
设计导航栏的model模型类
lyapi/lyapi/apps/home/models.py
class Nav(BaseModel): """导航菜单模型""" POSITION_OPTION = ( (1, "顶部导航"), (2, "脚部导航"), ) title = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="导航标题") link = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="导航链接") position = models.IntegerField(choices=POSITION_OPTION, default=1, verbose_name="导航位置") is_site = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否是站外地址") class Meta: db_table = 'ly_nav' verbose_name = '导航菜单' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name # 自定义方法[自定义字段或者自定义工具方法] def __str__(self): return self.title
在Xadmin中注册导航栏模型类
from home import models import xadmin from xadmin import views # 导航栏菜单 class NavXadmin(object): list_display = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'position', 'is_site'] # 注册Xadmin xadmin.site.register(models.Nav, NavXadmin)
数据库迁移指令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
在Xadmin中添加一些导航栏数据
序列化器
lyapi/apps/home/serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers from . import models class NavModelSeiralizer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Nav fields = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'is_site']
视图代码
lyapi/lyapi/apps/home/views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView from . import models from .serializer import BannerModelSeiralizer, NavModelSeiralizer from lyapi.settings import contains class NavTopView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Nav.objects.filter(is_show=True, is_deleted=False, position=1).order_by('orders')[ 0:contains.NAV_TOP_LENGTH] serializer_class = NavModelSeiralizer
常量配置
lyapi/lyapi/settings/contains.py
# 轮播图显示条数 BANNER_LENGTH = 3 # 顶部导航栏显示个数 NAV_TOP_LENGTH = 6 # 脚部导航的数量 FOOTER_NAV_LENGTH = 6
路由代码
lyapi/lyapi/apps/home/urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path from django.conf import settings from . import views urlpatterns = [ path(r'banner/', views.BannerView.as_view()), path(r'nav/top/', views.NavTopView.as_view()), ]
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