CentOS命令行下装oracle 12c的方法(命令行模式安装）

实验环境：

1：安装oracle所需软件包

Oracle 12c所需的rpm包如下：

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (i686)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (i686)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (i686)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (i686)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (i686)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

[root@ser6-51 mongodb]# yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
base                      | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras                      | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates                      | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db                    | 3.9 MB 00:04
Setting up Install Process
Package gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 will be updated
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6 will be an update
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed
---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-21.el6_6.3 will be installed
---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.5.0-4.el6 will be updated
---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-common = 1.6.0-2.2.el6 for package: libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64
---> Package libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.1-2.el6 will be updated
---> Package libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.2-2.1.el6 will be an update
---> Package libXi.x86_64 0:1.6.1-3.el6 will be updated
---> Package libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.2-2.2.el6 will be an update
---> Package libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.1-2.el6 will be updated
---> Package libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.1.el6 will be an update
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.8.1-1.el6 will be updated
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.9.1-2.el6 will be an update
---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-22.el6 will be updated
---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-27.el6 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update
---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.5.0-4.el6 will be updated
---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package      Arch     Version       Repository     Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 compat-libcap1     x86_64     1.10-1       base     17 k
 compat-libstdc++-33     x86_64     3.2.3-69.el6      base     183 k
 ksh       x86_64     20120801-21.el6_6.3     updates     758 k
 libaio-devel      x86_64     0.3.107-10.el6      base     13 k
Updating:
 binutils      x86_64     2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6     base     2.8 M
 glibc       x86_64     2.12-1.149.el6_6.9     updates     3.8 M
 glibc-devel      x86_64     2.12-1.149.el6_6.9     updates     984 k
 libX11      x86_64     1.6.0-2.2.el6      base     586 k
 libXext      x86_64     1.3.2-2.1.el6      base     35 k
 libXi       x86_64     1.7.2-2.2.el6      base     37 k
 libXtst      x86_64     1.2.2-2.1.el6      base     19 k
 libxcb      x86_64     1.9.1-2.el6      base     110 k
 sysstat      x86_64     9.0.4-27.el6      base     233 k
Updating for dependencies:
 glibc-common      x86_64     2.12-1.149.el6_6.9     updates     14 M
 glibc-headers      x86_64     2.12-1.149.el6_6.9     updates     612 k
 libX11-common      noarch     1.6.0-2.2.el6      base     192 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 4 Package(s)
Upgrade 12 Package(s)

Total download size: 24 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/16): binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64.rpm                 | 2.8 MB 00:02
(2/16): compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm                  | 17 kB 00:00
(3/16): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm                | 183 kB 00:00
(4/16): glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm                 | 3.8 MB 00:05
(5/16): glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm                | 14 MB 00:13
(6/16): glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm                 | 984 kB 00:02
(7/16): glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm                | 612 kB 00:01
(8/16): ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64.rpm                 | 758 kB 00:01
(9/16): libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64.rpm                  | 586 kB 00:01
(10/16): libX11-common-1.6.0-2.2.el6.noarch.rpm                 | 192 kB 00:00
(11/16): libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm                  | 35 kB 00:00
(12/16): libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64.rpm                  | 37 kB 00:00
(13/16): libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm                  | 19 kB 00:00
(14/16): libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm                 | 13 kB 00:00
(15/16): libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm                  | 110 kB 00:00
(16/16): sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64.rpm                  | 233 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                     712 kB/s | 24 MB 00:35
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
 Updating : glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                  1/28
 Updating : glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                   2/28
 Updating : glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                  3/28
 Updating : libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64                    4/28
 Updating : libX11-common-1.6.0-2.2.el6.noarch                   5/28
 Updating : libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64                    6/28
 Updating : libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64                    7/28
 Updating : libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64                    8/28
 Updating : libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64                    9/28
 Updating : glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                  10/28
 Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64                   11/28
 Updating : sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64                    12/28
 Installing : ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64                   13/28
 Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64                  14/28
 Updating : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64                  15/28
 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64                   16/28
 Cleanup : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                   17/28
 Cleanup : libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.x86_64                    18/28
 Cleanup : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                   19/28
 Cleanup : libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.x86_64                    20/28
 Cleanup : libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.x86_64                    21/28
 Cleanup : libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.x86_64                    22/28
 Cleanup : libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.x86_64                    23/28
 Cleanup : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64                  24/28
 Cleanup : sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64                    25/28
 Cleanup : libX11-common-1.5.0-4.el6.noarch                   26/28
 Cleanup : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                   27/28
 Cleanup : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                    28/28
 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                  1/28
 Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64                   2/28
 Verifying : libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64                    3/28
 Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64                    4/28
 Verifying : libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64                    5/28
 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                   6/28
 Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64                    7/28
 Verifying : ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64                   8/28
 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64                  9/28
 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                  10/28
 Verifying : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64                  11/28
 Verifying : libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64                   12/28
 Verifying : libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64                    13/28
 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64                  14/28
 Verifying : libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64                    15/28
 Verifying : libX11-common-1.6.0-2.2.el6.noarch                   16/28
 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                    17/28
 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                   18/28
 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                   19/28
 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64                   20/28
 Verifying : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64                  21/28
 Verifying : libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.x86_64                    22/28
 Verifying : libX11-common-1.5.0-4.el6.noarch                   23/28
 Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64                    24/28
 Verifying : libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.x86_64                    25/28
 Verifying : libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.x86_64                    26/28
 Verifying : libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.x86_64                    27/28
 Verifying : libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.x86_64                    28/28 

Installed:
 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1  compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6  ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-21.el6_6.3  libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6  

Updated:
 binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6 glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.2-2.1.el6
 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.2-2.2.el6  libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.1.el6  libxcb.x86_64 0:1.9.1-2.el6   sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-27.el6 

Dependency Updated:
 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9    glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9    libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6    

Complete!

验证 Oracle 所需要的系统依赖程序包是否完整。

[root@ser6-51 mongodb]# rpm -qa binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat

libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64
libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64
make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64
ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64
gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64
sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

2：对OS进行配置

2.1 创建相关用户和用户组
groupadd oinstall

groupadd oper

groupadd dba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

2.2 修改oracle用户的密码
passwd oracle

2.3 修改系统参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

运行sysctl -p应用以上参数

/sbin/sysctl -p

2.4 修改用户Limits
vi /etc/security/limits.conf

新增如下内容：

oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle stack nproc 10240
oracle stack nproc 10240

2.5 创建相关目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1 
mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archlog
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

2.6 配置环境变量
su - oracle

vi .bash_profile

添加：

# Oracle Settings
COLUMNS=132; export COLUMNS
LINES=47; export LINES
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR

TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12c/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
SHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATH
NLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG
ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
alias glance=/opt/perf/bin/glance:x
alias gohome='cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0'
alias cdb='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
alias cdu='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'

--里面的内容可以根据实际情况进行改动，如可以改动ORACLE_SID.

修改完用：source .bash_profile生效。

2.7修改/etc/hosts
[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ hostname

ser6-51

把127.0.0.1那一行改为：127.0.0.1   ser6-51

2.8修改操作系统发行版本
由于 oracle 还没有推出支持 CentOS 的安装包，所以需要修改发行版本，以便通过 oracle 的安装检查。

vi /etc/redhat-release

把CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 注释掉，前面加上一行redhat-4，当oracle安装完成后,再修改回来。

如：

redhat-4
#CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

2.9 关闭SELINUX

vi /etc/selinux/config

将SELINUX那一行改成：

SELINUX=disabled

3：安装

3.1 解压安装包
[root@ser6-51 download]# ls -ltr

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1014530602 Jul  6 15:07 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1673544724 Jul  6 15:12 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

[root@ser6-51 download]# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
[root@ser6-51 download]# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

[root@ser6-51 download]# ls -ltr

drwxr-xr-x 7 root root       4096 Jul  7  2014 database
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1014530602 Jul  6 15:07 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1673544724 Jul  6 15:12 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

3.2 安装oracle软件

3.2.1 新建静默安装的应答文件
su - oracle
vi 12102db_install.rsp

添加：

######################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.     ##
##         ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize     ##
## your installation.        ##
##         ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment    ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate     ##
## values.         ##
##         ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and    ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user     ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation.      ##
##         ##
######################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# - UPGRADE_DB
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ser6-51

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
#
# en : English   ja : Japanese
# fr : French   ko : Korean
# ar : Arabic   es : Latin American Spanish
# bn : Bengali   lv : Latvian
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
# bg : Bulgarian  ms : Malay
# fr_CA: Canadian French  es_MX: Mexican Spanish
# ca : Catalan   no : Norwegian
# hr : Croatian   pl : Polish
# cs : Czech   pt : Portuguese
# da : Danish   ro : Romanian
# nl : Dutch   ru : Russian
# ar_EG: Egyptian   zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
# et : Estonian   sl : Slovenian
# fi : Finnish   es_ES: Spanish
# de : German   sv : Swedish
# el : Greek   th : Thai
# iw : Hebrew   zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
# hu : Hungarian  tr : Turkish
# is : Icelandic  uk : Ukrainian
# in : Indonesian  vi : Vietnamese
# it : Italian
#
# all_langs : All languages
#
# Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#
# Specify value as the following to select all the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
# - SE : Standard Edition
# - SEONE : Standard Edition One
# - PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

#################################################################################
#           #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS      #
# ------------------------------------------          #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges     #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the      #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.      #
#           #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based    #
# Operating System.         #
#           #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The BACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSBACKUPDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDGDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The KMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSKMDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba

################################################################################
#          #
#   Database Configuration Options    #
#          #
################################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# One of the following
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=

#################################################################################
#           #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the       #
# starter database:                 #
# SYS          #
# SYSTEM         #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)       #
#           #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended)       #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)     #
#           #
#################################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.
# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure
# Security Updates, false otherwise.
#
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:
# - MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD
# - OFFLINE_UPDATES
# - SKIP_UPDATES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

3.2.2 静默安装软件
[root@ser6-51 install]# su - oracle

[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ cd /download/database/

[oracle@ser6-51 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/12102db_install.rsp

/*

假如安装过程中报错了，已经在$ORACLE_HOME和/u01/app/oraInventory下生成了很多文件目录。想再次安装的话，需要先删除这些文件：
[oracle@ser6-52 app]$ pwd
/u01/app
[oracle@ser6-52 app]$ rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventory

cd $ORACLE_HOME/
rm -rf *
*/

执行两个脚本：

[root@ser6-51 ~]# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
root@ser6-51 ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/install/root_ser6-51_2015-07-06_19-00-11.log for the output of root script

3.3 建库

3.3.1 建响应文件
v i /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

添加：

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"
SYSPASSWORD = "orcl"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "orcl"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "orcl"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "orcl"
DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata"
STORAGETYPE=FS
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"

3.3.2 执行命令
dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

Creating and starting Oracle instance
1% complete
4% complete
Creating database files
5% complete
9% complete
Creating data dictionary views
10% complete
13% complete
14% complete
15% complete
16% complete
17% complete
18% complete
21% complete
22% complete
23% complete
24% complete
Adding Oracle JVM
30% complete
37% complete
44% complete
46% complete
Adding Oracle Text
47% complete
48% complete
50% complete
51% complete
Adding Oracle Multimedia
52% complete
65% complete
Adding Oracle OLAP
66% complete
67% complete
68% complete
69% complete
Adding Oracle Spatial
70% complete
78% complete
Adding Oracle Application Express
83% complete
87% complete
Completing Database Creation
89% complete
90% complete
91% complete
95% complete
100% complete

[oracle@ser6-51 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@ser6-51 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 09:29:16 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

3.4配监听

3.4.1 建响应文件
vi 12102_netca.rsp

添加：

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : SHOW_GUI
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description: This variable controls appearance/suppression of the NetCA GUI,
# Pre-req : N/A
# Default : TRUE
# Note:
# This must be set to false in order to run NetCA in silent mode.
# This is a substitute of "/silent" flag in the NetCA command line.
# The command line flag has precedence over the one in this response file.
# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#SHOW_GUI=false

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : LOG_FILE
# Datatype : String
# Description: If present, NetCA will log output to this file in addition to the
#  standard out.
# Pre-req : N/A
# Default : NONE
# Note:
# This is a substitute of "/log" in the NetCA command line.
# The command line argument has precedence over the one in this response file.
# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#LOG_FILE=""/oracle12cHome/network/tools/log/netca.log""

[oracle.net.ca]
#INSTALLED_COMPONENTS;StringList;list of installed components
# The possible values for installed components are:
# "net8","server","client","aso", "cman", "javavm"
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

#INSTALL_TYPE;String;type of install
# The possible values for install type are:
# "typical","minimal" or "custom"
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""

#LISTENER_NUMBER;Number;Number of Listeners
# A typical install sets one listener
LISTENER_NUMBER=1

#LISTENER_NAMES;StringList;list of listener names
# The values for listener are:
# "LISTENER","LISTENER1","LISTENER2","LISTENER3", ...
# A typical install sets only "LISTENER"
LISTENER_NAMES="LISTENER"

#LISTENER_PROTOCOLS;StringList;list of listener addresses (protocols and parameters separated by semicolons)
# The possible values for listener protocols are:
# "TCP;1521","TCPS;2484","NMP;ORAPIPE","IPC;IPCKEY","VI;1521"
# A typical install sets only "TCP;1521"
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS="TCP;1521"

#LISTENER_START;String;name of the listener to start, in double quotes
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""

#NAMING_METHODS;StringList;list of naming methods
# The possible values for naming methods are:
# LDAP, TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME, NOVELL, NIS, DCE
# A typical install sets only: "TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES"
# or "LDAP","TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES" for LDAP
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT;String;Novell Directory Service name context, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT = ""NAMCONTEXT""

#SUN_METAMAP;String; SUN meta map, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#SUN_METAMAP = ""MAP""

#DCE_CELLNAME;String;DCE cell name, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#DCE_CELLNAME = ""CELL""

#NSN_NUMBER;Number;Number of NetService Names
# A typical install sets one net service name
NSN_NUMBER=1

#NSN_NAMES;StringList;list of Net Service names
# A typical install sets net service name to "EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"
NSN_NAMES="EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"

#NSN_SERVICE;StringList;Oracle12c database's service name
# A typical install sets Oracle12c database's service name to "PLSExtProc"
NSN_SERVICE="PLSExtProc"

3.4.2 执行命令
[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/12102_netca.rsp
 
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/12102_netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
 
 
4：设置开机启动
4.1 修改dbstart文件
假如执行/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart报错：
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
修改dbstart文件，将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
 
4.2修改/etc/oratab
添加：
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1:Y
4.3修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加一行：
su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart
--说明：/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/dbhome_1为oracle的安装目录，要根据实际情况进行修改。
 
reboot试验下看是否能开机自动启动。
 
5：开1521端口
如果防火墙开启了的话，要开1521端口，允许远程访问。
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
直接在配置文件里已有的-A INPUT那些命令下面
添加一行：
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1521-j ACCEPT
重启防火墙
[root@ser6-52 mongodb]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
 
6：后续配置
#把操作系统版本改回原来的配置
[root@pc ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga)
修改后：
#redhat-4
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
 
对应步骤2.8。

--静默方式建库参考这篇文章。