springboot整合H2内存数据库实现单元测试与数据库无关性
一、新建spring boot工程
新建工程的时候,需要加入JPA,H2依赖
二、工程结构
pom文件依赖如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.chhliu.springboot.h2</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-h2</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springboot-h2</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot H2</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.7</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
三、编写实体类
package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity; import java.math.BigDecimal; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private Long id; @Column private String username; @Column private String name; @Column private Short age; @Column private BigDecimal balance; ……省略gettter和setter方法 }
四、编写dao
package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; @Repository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { }
五、编写controller
package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository; @RestController public class UserController { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @GetMapping("/user/{id}")// 注意,此处使用的是GetMapping注解,该注解的作用类似与@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET),@PostMapping注解同理 public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) { return this.userRepository.findOne(id); } }
六、配置文件
# 服务器端口号 server.port=7900 # 是否生成ddl语句 spring.jpa.generate-ddl=false # 是否打印sql语句 spring.jpa.show-sql=true # 自动生成ddl,由于指定了具体的ddl,此处设置为none spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none # 使用H2数据库 spring.datasource.platform=h2 # 指定生成数据库的schema文件位置 spring.datasource.schema=classpath:schema.sql # 指定插入数据库语句的脚本位置 spring.datasource.data=classpath:data.sql # 配置日志打印信息 logging.level.root=INFO logging.level.org.hibernate=INFO logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder=TRACE logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor=TRACE logging.level.com.itmuch=DEBUG
七、启动程序
在浏览器中输入如下URL:http://localhost:7900/user/4
可以看到测试结果
{"id":4,"username":"user4","name":"马六","age":20,"balance":100.00}
说明,我们的整合是OK的
八、测试dao层
package com.chhliu.springboot.h2; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class SpringbootH2ApplicationTests { @Autowired private UserRepository repository; @Test public void test(){ User u = repository.findOne(1L); Assert.assertEquals("成功的测试用例", "张三", u.getName()); } }
发现测试是ok的!
九、总结
由于H2是关系内存数据库,当程序启动的时候,会在内存中创建表,并将数据存储在内存中,当重启程序后,会自动删除内存中的数据,从而可以很好的用来做dao层的单元测试和service层的单元测试,使整个程序不会依赖具体的数据库,同时也提高了单元测试的效率。
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