使用Python抓取豆瓣影评数据的方法

抓取豆瓣影评评分

正常的抓取

分析请求的url

https://movie.douban.com/subject/26322642/comments?start=20&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=P&percent_type=

里面有用的也就是start和limit参数，我尝试过修改limit参数，但是没有效果，可以认为是默认的
start参数是用来设置从第几条数据开始查询的

• 设计查询列表，发现页面中有url中的查询部分，且指向下一个页面

于是采用下面的代码进行判断是否还有下一个页面

if next_url:
    visit_URL('https://movie.douban.com/subject/24753477/comments'+next_url)

• 用requests发送请求，beautifulsoup进行网页解析

把数据写入txt

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
first_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26322642/comments?status=P'
# 请求头部
headers = {
  'Host':'movie.douban.com',
  'Referer':'https://movie.douban.com/subject/24753477/?tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&from=gaia_video',
  'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
  'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36',
}
def visit_URL(url):
  res = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
  soup = BeautifulSoup(res.content,'html5lib')
  div_comment = soup.find_all('div',class_='comment-item') # 找到所有的评论模块
  for com in div_comment:
    username = com.find('div',class_='avatar').a['title']
    comment_time = com.find('span',class_='comment-time')['title']
    votes = com.find('span',class_='votes').get_text()
    comment = com.p.get_text()
    with open('1.txt','a',encoding='utf8') as file:
      file.write('评论人：'+username+'\n')
      file.write('评论时间：'+comment_time+'\n')
      file.write('支持人数：'+votes+'\n')
      file.write('评论内容：'+comment+'\n')
  # 检查是否有下一页
  next_url = soup.find('a',class_='next')
  if next_url:
    temp = next_url['href'].strip().split('&') # 获取下一个url
    next_url = ''.join(temp)
    print(next_url)
  # print(next_url)
  if next_url:
    visit_URL('https://movie.douban.com/subject/24753477/comments'+next_url)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  visit_URL(first_url)

模仿移动端

很多时候模仿移动端获得的页面会比PC端的简单，更加容易解析，这次模拟移动端，发现可以直接访问api获取json格式的数据，nice!

至于怎么模拟移动端只需要将user-agent修改为移动端的头

useragents = [
  "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) CriOS/47.0.2526.70 Mobile/13C71 Safari/601.1.46",
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.4; Nexus 5 Build/KTU84P) AppleWebkit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30",
  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0)"

怎么获取这些头部？用火狐的插件user-agent switcher

之后的操作就是解析json

import random
import requests
import json
import time
first_url = 'https://m.douban.com/rexxar/api/v2/tv/26322642/interests?count=20&order_by=hot&start=0&ck=dNhr&for_mobile=1'
url = 'https://m.douban.com/rexxar/api/v2/tv/26322642/interests'
# 移动端头部信息
useragents = [
  "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) CriOS/47.0.2526.70 Mobile/13C71 Safari/601.1.46",
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.4; Nexus 5 Build/KTU84P) AppleWebkit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30",
  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0)"
]
def visit_URL(i):
  print(">>>>>",i)
  # 请求头部
  headers = {
    'Host':'m.douban.com',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
    'User-Agent':random.choice(useragents)
  }
  params = {
    'count':'50',
    'order_by':'hot',
    'start':str(i),
    'for_mobile':'1',
    'ck':'dNhr'
  }
  res = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers,params=params)
  res_json = res.json()
  interests = res_json['interests']
  print(len(interests))
  for item in interests:
    with open('huge.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as file:
      if item['user']:
        if item['user']['name']:
          file.write('评论用户:'+item['user']['name']+'\n')
      else:
        file.write('评论用户:none\n')
      if item['create_time']:
        file.write('评论时间:'+item['create_time']+'\n')
      else:
        file.write('评论时间:none\n')
      if item['comment']:
        file.write('评论内容:'+item['comment']+'\n')
      else:
        file.write('评论内容:none\n')
      if item['rating']:
        if item['rating']['value']:
          file.write('对电影的评分:'+str(item['rating']['value'])+'\n\n')
      else:
        file.write('对电影的评分:none\n')
if __name__ == '__main__':
  for i in range(0,66891,20):
    # time.sleep(2)
    visit_URL(i)

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