python3+PyQt5使用数据库窗口视图

能够为数据库数据提供的最简单的用户界面之一就是窗体，窗体可以一次性呈现出来自同一记录的各个域。本文通过python3+pyqt5改写实现了python Qt gui 快速变成15章的例子。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import os
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import (QDate, QDateTime, QFile, QVariant, Qt)
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QDataWidgetMapper,QComboBox,
        QDateTimeEdit, QDialog, QGridLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
        QLineEdit, QMessageBox, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon,QPixmap,QCursor
from PyQt5.QtSql import (QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery, QSqlRelation,
  QSqlRelationalDelegate, QSqlRelationalTableModel)
import qrc_resources

MAC = True
try:
 from PyQt5.QtGui import qt_mac_set_native_menubar
except ImportError:
 MAC = False

ID, CALLER, STARTTIME, ENDTIME, TOPIC, OUTCOMEID = range(6)
DATETIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm"

def createFakeData():
 import random

 print("Dropping tables...")
 query = QSqlQuery()
 query.exec_("DROP TABLE calls")
 query.exec_("DROP TABLE outcomes")
 QApplication.processEvents()

 print("Creating tables...")
 query.exec_("""CREATE TABLE outcomes (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL)""")

 query.exec_("""CREATE TABLE calls (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    caller VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
    starttime DATETIME NOT NULL,
    endtime DATETIME NOT NULL,
    topic VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL,
    outcomeid INTEGER NOT NULL,
    FOREIGN KEY (outcomeid) REFERENCES outcomes)""")
 QApplication.processEvents()
 print("Populating tables...")
 for name in ("Resolved", "Unresolved", "Calling back", "Escalate",
     "Wrong number"):
  query.exec_("INSERT INTO outcomes (name) VALUES ('{0}')".format(
     name))
 topics = ("Complaint", "Information request", "Off topic",
    "Information supplied", "Complaint", "Complaint")
 now = QDateTime.currentDateTime()
 query.prepare("INSERT INTO calls (caller, starttime, endtime, "
     "topic, outcomeid) VALUES (:caller, :starttime, "
     ":endtime, :topic, :outcomeid)")
 for name in ('Joshan Cockerall', 'Ammanie Ingham',
   'Diarmuid Bettington', 'Juliana Bannister',
   'Oakley-Jay Buxton', 'Reilley Collinge',
   'Ellis-James Mcgehee', 'Jazmin Lawton',
   'Lily-Grace Smythe', 'Coskun Lant', 'Lauran Lanham',
   'Millar Poindexter', 'Naqeeb Neild', 'Maxlee Stoddart',
   'Rebia Luscombe', 'Briana Christine', 'Charli Pease',
   'Deena Mais', 'Havia Huffman', 'Ethan Davie',
   'Thomas-Jack Silver', 'Harpret Bray', 'Leigh-Ann Goodliff',
   'Seoras Bayes', 'Jenna Underhill', 'Veena Helps',
   'Mahad Mcintosh', 'Allie Hazlehurst', 'Aoife Warrington',
   'Cameron Burton', 'Yildirim Ahlberg', 'Alissa Clayton',
   'Josephine Weber', 'Fiore Govan', 'Howard Ragsdale',
   'Tiernan Larkins', 'Seren Sweeny', 'Arisha Keys',
   'Kiki Wearing', 'Kyran Ponsonby', 'Diannon Pepper',
   'Mari Foston', 'Sunil Manson', 'Donald Wykes',
   'Rosie Higham', 'Karmin Raines', 'Tayyibah Leathem',
   'Kara-jay Knoll', 'Shail Dalgleish', 'Jaimie Sells'):
  start = now.addDays(-random.randint(1, 30))
  start = now.addSecs(-random.randint(60 * 5, 60 * 60 * 2))
  end = start.addSecs(random.randint(20, 60 * 13))
  start=start.toString(DATETIME_FORMAT)
  end=end.toString(DATETIME_FORMAT)
  topic = random.choice(topics)
  outcomeid = int(random.randint(1, 5))
  query.bindValue(":caller", name)
  query.bindValue(":starttime", start)
  query.bindValue(":endtime", end)
  query.bindValue(":topic", topic)
  query.bindValue(":outcomeid", outcomeid)
  query.exec_()
 QApplication.processEvents()

 print("Calls:")
 query.exec_("SELECT calls.id, calls.caller, calls.starttime, "
    "calls.endtime, calls.topic, calls.outcomeid, "
    "outcomes.name FROM calls, outcomes "
    "WHERE calls.outcomeid = outcomes.id "
    "ORDER by calls.starttime")
 while query.next():
  id = query.value(ID)
  caller = str(query.value(CALLER))
  starttime = str(query.value(STARTTIME))
  endtime = str(query.value(ENDTIME))
  topic = str(query.value(TOPIC))
  outcome = str(query.value(6))
  print("{0:02d}: {1} {2} - {3} {4} [{5}]".format(id, caller,
    starttime, endtime, topic, outcome))
 QApplication.processEvents()

class PhoneLogDlg(QDialog):

 FIRST, PREV, NEXT, LAST = range(4)

 def __init__(self, parent=None):
  super(PhoneLogDlg, self).__init__(parent)

  callerLabel = QLabel("&Caller:")
  self.callerEdit = QLineEdit()
  callerLabel.setBuddy(self.callerEdit)
  today = QDate.currentDate()
  startLabel = QLabel("&Start:")
  self.startDateTime = QDateTimeEdit()
  startLabel.setBuddy(self.startDateTime)
  self.startDateTime.setDateRange(today, today)
  self.startDateTime.setDisplayFormat(DATETIME_FORMAT)
  endLabel = QLabel("&End:")
  self.endDateTime = QDateTimeEdit()
  endLabel.setBuddy(self.endDateTime)
  self.endDateTime.setDateRange(today, today)
  self.endDateTime.setDisplayFormat(DATETIME_FORMAT)
  topicLabel = QLabel("&Topic:")
  topicEdit = QLineEdit()
  topicLabel.setBuddy(topicEdit)
  outcomeLabel = QLabel("&Outcome:")
  self.outcomeComboBox = QComboBox()
  outcomeLabel.setBuddy(self.outcomeComboBox)
  firstButton = QPushButton()
  firstButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/first.png"))
  prevButton = QPushButton()
  prevButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/prev.png"))
  nextButton = QPushButton()
  nextButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/next.png"))
  lastButton = QPushButton()
  lastButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/last.png"))
  addButton = QPushButton("&Add")
  addButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/add.png"))
  deleteButton = QPushButton("&Delete")
  deleteButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/delete.png"))
  quitButton = QPushButton("&Quit")
  quitButton.setIcon(QIcon(":/quit.png"))
  if not MAC:
   addButton.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
   deleteButton.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)

  fieldLayout = QGridLayout()
  fieldLayout.addWidget(callerLabel, 0, 0)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(self.callerEdit, 0, 1, 1, 3)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(startLabel, 1, 0)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(self.startDateTime, 1, 1)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(endLabel, 1, 2)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(self.endDateTime, 1, 3)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(topicLabel, 2, 0)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(topicEdit, 2, 1, 1, 3)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(outcomeLabel, 3, 0)
  fieldLayout.addWidget(self.outcomeComboBox, 3, 1, 1, 3)
  navigationLayout = QHBoxLayout()
  navigationLayout.addWidget(firstButton)
  navigationLayout.addWidget(prevButton)
  navigationLayout.addWidget(nextButton)
  navigationLayout.addWidget(lastButton)
  fieldLayout.addLayout(navigationLayout, 4, 0, 1, 2)
  buttonLayout = QVBoxLayout()
  buttonLayout.addWidget(addButton)
  buttonLayout.addWidget(deleteButton)
  buttonLayout.addStretch()
  buttonLayout.addWidget(quitButton)
  layout = QHBoxLayout()
  layout.addLayout(fieldLayout)
  layout.addLayout(buttonLayout)
  self.setLayout(layout)

  self.model = QSqlRelationalTableModel(self)
  self.model.setTable("calls")
  self.model.setRelation(OUTCOMEID,
    QSqlRelation("outcomes", "id", "name"))
  self.model.setSort(STARTTIME, Qt.AscendingOrder)
  self.model.select()

  self.mapper = QDataWidgetMapper(self)
  self.mapper.setSubmitPolicy(QDataWidgetMapper.ManualSubmit)
  self.mapper.setModel(self.model)
  self.mapper.setItemDelegate(QSqlRelationalDelegate(self))
  self.mapper.addMapping(self.callerEdit, CALLER)
  self.mapper.addMapping(self.startDateTime, STARTTIME)
  self.mapper.addMapping(self.endDateTime, ENDTIME)
  self.mapper.addMapping(topicEdit, TOPIC)
  relationModel = self.model.relationModel(OUTCOMEID)
  self.outcomeComboBox.setModel(relationModel)
  self.outcomeComboBox.setModelColumn(
    relationModel.fieldIndex("name"))
  self.mapper.addMapping(self.outcomeComboBox, OUTCOMEID)
  self.mapper.toFirst()

  firstButton.clicked.connect(lambda: self.saveRecord(PhoneLogDlg.FIRST))
  prevButton.clicked.connect(lambda: self.saveRecord(PhoneLogDlg.PREV))
  nextButton.clicked.connect(lambda: self.saveRecord(PhoneLogDlg.NEXT))
  lastButton.clicked.connect(lambda: self.saveRecord(PhoneLogDlg.LAST))
  addButton.clicked.connect(self.addRecord)
  deleteButton.clicked.connect(self.deleteRecord)
  quitButton.clicked.connect(self.done)
  self.setWindowTitle("Phone Log")

 def done(self, result=None):
  self.mapper.submit()
  QDialog.done(self, True)

 def addRecord(self):
  row = self.model.rowCount()
  self.mapper.submit()
  self.model.insertRow(row)
  self.mapper.setCurrentIndex(row)
  now = QDateTime.currentDateTime()
  self.startDateTime.setDateTime(now)
  self.endDateTime.setDateTime(now)
  self.outcomeComboBox.setCurrentIndex(
    self.outcomeComboBox.findText("Unresolved"))
  self.callerEdit.setFocus()

 def deleteRecord(self):
  caller = self.callerEdit.text()
  starttime = self.startDateTime.dateTime().toString(
           DATETIME_FORMAT)
  if (QMessageBox.question(self,
    "Delete",
    "Delete call made by<br>{0} on {1}?".format(caller,starttime),
    QMessageBox.Yes|QMessageBox.No) ==
    QMessageBox.No):
   return
  row = self.mapper.currentIndex()
  self.model.removeRow(row)
  self.model.submitAll()
  self.model.select()
  if row + 1 >= self.model.rowCount():
   row = self.model.rowCount() - 1
  self.mapper.setCurrentIndex(row)

 def saveRecord(self, where):
  row = self.mapper.currentIndex()
  self.mapper.submit()
  if where == PhoneLogDlg.FIRST:
   row = 0
  elif where == PhoneLogDlg.PREV:
   row = 0 if row <= 1 else row - 1
  elif where == PhoneLogDlg.NEXT:
   row += 1
   if row >= self.model.rowCount():
    row = self.model.rowCount() - 1
  elif where == PhoneLogDlg.LAST:
   row = self.model.rowCount() - 1
  self.mapper.setCurrentIndex(row)

def main():
 app = QApplication(sys.argv)

 filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "phonelog-fk.db")
 create = not QFile.exists(filename)

 db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase("QSQLITE")
 db.setDatabaseName(filename)
 if not db.open():
  QMessageBox.warning(None, "Phone Log",
   QString("Database Error: %1").arg(db.lastError().text()))
  sys.exit(1)

 splash = None
 if create:
  app.setOverrideCursor(QCursor(Qt.WaitCursor))
  splash = QLabel()
  pixmap = QPixmap(":/phonelogsplash.png")
  splash.setPixmap(pixmap)
  splash.setMask(pixmap.createHeuristicMask())
  splash.setWindowFlags(Qt.SplashScreen)
  rect = app.desktop().availableGeometry()
  splash.move((rect.width() - pixmap.width()) / 2,
     (rect.height() - pixmap.height()) / 2)
  splash.show()
  app.processEvents()
  createFakeData()

 form = PhoneLogDlg()
 form.show()
 if create:
  splash.close()
  app.processEvents()
  app.restoreOverrideCursor()
 sys.exit(app.exec_())

main()

运行结果：

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