java如何创建普通二叉树
java创建二叉树
这段时间一直在复习数据结构的知识。
从最基础的开始,实现一个普通的二叉树。但发现也不那么简单。因为之前学数据结构时是用C语言写的。
指针用来对结构体的值操作比较好理解。但java没有指针。
而Node节点在方法中传递的是地址。
如果直接对形参进行new操作是错误的。无法改变实参的值的。这一点坑了我很久,然后一顿查资料。
时隔很久,终于填上这个坑了
下面是以递归创建的二叉树.还有一些常见的遍历和树的高度与树的最大宽度.
- 一个方法不能修改一个基本数据类型的参数
- 一个方法可以修改一个对象参数的状态
- 一个方法不能实现让对象参数引用一个新对象(这句话在这里尤为适用)
代码中的二叉树如下图
下面是非常简单的实现
这里为了,后面的输出格式,使用了JDK的动态代理。并写了一个接口
package test.tree; public interface AbstractBinaryTree { void printPostOder(); void printPostOderByRecursion(); void printPreOder(); void printPreOderByRecursion(); void printInOderByRecursion(); void printInOder(); void printHeight(); void printMaxWidth(); void printLevelOrder(); }
主要的代码
package test.tree; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.Stack; /** * 为了方便展示,并没有将Node属性私有 */ class Node { public String data; public Node left = null; public Node right = null; public boolean flag; Node(String data) { this.data = data; } Node() { } @Override public String toString() { return this.data; } } public class BinaryTree implements AbstractBinaryTree{ private Node root = new Node(); public Node getRoot() { return root; } public void printNode(Node node) { if (node.data == null) { System.out.print(""); } else { System.out.print(node.data); } } public BinaryTree(String tree) { String[] treeNodes = tree.split(","); createTreeByRecursion(treeNodes); } private int createTreeByRecursion(Node node, String[] treeNodes, int n) { if ("#".equals(treeNodes[n])) return n + 1; node.data = treeNodes[n]; node.left = new Node(); int left = createTreeByRecursion(node.left, treeNodes, n + 1); node.right = new Node(); int right = createTreeByRecursion(node.right, treeNodes, left); return right; } public void createTreeByRecursion(String[] treeNodes) { createTreeByRecursion(root, treeNodes, 0); } /** * 先序非递归创建 */ public void createTree(String[] treeNodes) { Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>(); int index = 0; Node node = root; while (index < treeNodes.length) { while (true) { if ("#".equals(treeNodes[index])) { node = stack.pop(); if (node.flag == false) { node.left = null; node.flag = true; stack.push(node); } else { node.right = null; } // 记得加1 index++; break; } if (node.flag == true) { node.right = new Node(); node = node.right; } node.data = treeNodes[index]; stack.push(node); node.left = new Node(); node = node.left; index++; } if (node.flag == false) { stack.push(node); node.flag = true; node = node.right; } else { node = stack.peek(); node.flag = true; } } } // 递归调用的方法,需要将root传递进去 private void printPreOderByRecursion(Node node) { if (node == null) return; printNode(node); printPreOderByRecursion(node.left); printPreOderByRecursion(node.right); } public void printPreOderByRecursion() { printPreOderByRecursion(root); } private void printInOderByRecursion(Node node) { if (node == null) return; printInOderByRecursion(node.left); printNode(node); printInOderByRecursion(node.right); } public void printInOderByRecursion() { printInOderByRecursion(root); } private void printPostOderByRecursion(Node node) { if (node == null) return; printPostOderByRecursion(node.left); printPostOderByRecursion(node.right); printNode(node); } public void printPostOderByRecursion() { printPostOderByRecursion(root); } // 非递归遍历二叉树 // 先序遍历 public void printPreOder() { Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>(); Node tempNode = root; while (true) { while (tempNode != null) { printNode(tempNode); stack.push(tempNode); tempNode = tempNode.left; } if (stack.isEmpty()) { break; } tempNode = stack.pop(); tempNode = tempNode.right; } } // 中序遍历 public void printInOder() { Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>(); Node tempNode = root; while (true) { while (tempNode != null) { stack.push(tempNode); tempNode = tempNode.left; } if (stack.isEmpty()) { break; } tempNode = stack.pop(); printNode(tempNode); tempNode = tempNode.right; } } // 后序遍历 public void printPostOder() { Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>(); Node tempNode = root; while (true) { while (tempNode != null) { if (tempNode.flag == true) { tempNode = tempNode.right; } else { stack.push(tempNode); tempNode = tempNode.left; } } tempNode = stack.pop(); if (tempNode.flag == false) { stack.push(tempNode); tempNode.flag = true; tempNode = tempNode.right; } else { printNode(tempNode); if (stack.isEmpty()) { break; } tempNode = stack.peek(); tempNode.flag = true; } } } // 层序遍历 利用队列 public void printLevelOrder() { Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>(); Node tempNode = root; queue.offer(tempNode); while (!queue.isEmpty()) { Node topNode = queue.poll(); if (topNode == null) continue; printNode(topNode); queue.offer(topNode.left); queue.offer(topNode.right); } } // 树高 递归,分别求出左子树的深度、右子树的深度,两个深度的较大值+1 public int getHeightByRecursion(Node node) { if (node == null) { return 0; } int left = getHeightByRecursion(node.left); int right = getHeightByRecursion(node.right); return 1 + Math.max(left, right); } /** * 为什么不直接写成调用 root,而是另写一个方法去调用呢 因为,这样可以不再为root,单独设置一个临时变量去存贮 * 而且也固定外部调用的方法,而不用关心内部的实现 */ public void printHeight() { int height = getHeightByRecursion(root); System.out.print(height); } // 利用层序遍历,得到树的最大宽度 public void printMaxWidth() { Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>(); Queue<Node> queueTemp = new LinkedList<>(); int maxWidth = 1; Node tempNode = root; queue.offer(tempNode); while (!queue.isEmpty()) { while (!queue.isEmpty()) { Node topNode = queue.poll(); if (topNode == null) continue; if (topNode.left.data != null) { queueTemp.offer(topNode.left); } if (topNode.right.data != null) { queueTemp.offer(topNode.right); } } maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, queueTemp.size()); queue = queueTemp; queueTemp = new LinkedList<>(); } System.out.print(maxWidth); } }
下面是写的测试类
package test.tree; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; public class BinaryTreeTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String treeStr = "A,B,D,#,#,#,C,#,E,#,#"; // String treeStr = "A,#,#"; AbstractBinaryTree binaryTree = BinaryTreeTest.proxyBinaryTree(treeStr); binaryTree.printPostOder(); binaryTree.printPostOderByRecursion(); binaryTree.printPreOder(); binaryTree.printPreOderByRecursion(); binaryTree.printInOderByRecursion(); binaryTree.printInOder(); binaryTree.printLevelOrder(); binaryTree.printHeight(); binaryTree.printMaxWidth(); } public static AbstractBinaryTree proxyBinaryTree(String treeStr) { AbstractBinaryTree binaryTree = new BinaryTree(treeStr); Object newProxyInstance = Proxy.newProxyInstance(binaryTree.getClass().getClassLoader(), binaryTree.getClass().getInterfaces(), (proxy, method, args) -> { System.out.println(method.getName()); Object invoke = method.invoke(binaryTree, args); System.out.println(); return invoke; }); return (AbstractBinaryTree) newProxyInstance; } }
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我们。
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