详解vue跨组件通信的几种方法

在开发组件的时候，一定会遇到组件的通信，比如点击一个图标出现弹窗和蒙层，这三个分别是不同的组件。管理他们之间的状态就成了问题。

props双向绑定

通过 sync 双向绑定，属性变化会同步到所有组件，这也是最简单的实现方式，缺点是属性会比较多。实现方式如下

App.vue 文件

<template>
 <div id="app">
  <mask :hide-mask.sync="hideMask"></mask>
  <dialog :hide-dialog.sync="hideDialog" :hide-mask.sync="hideMask"></dialog>
  <dialog-icon :hide-dialog.sync="hideDialog" :hide-mask.sync="hideMask"></dialog-icon>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
import mask from './components/mask/index'
import dialog from './components/dialog/index'
import dialogIcon from './components/dialog-icon/index'

export default {
 components: {
  mask,
  dialog,
  dialogIcon
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hideMask: true,
   hideDialog: true
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog" :class="{ 'hide': hideDialog }">
  <div class="dialog-close" @click="hide()"></div>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: ['hideDialog', 'hideMask'],
 methods: {
  hide () {
   this.hideDialog = !this.hideDialog
   this.hideMask = !this.hideMask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog-icon/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog-icon" @click="show()">点击出现弹窗</section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: ['hideDialog', 'hideMask'],
 methods: {
  show () {
   this.hideDialog = !this.hideDialog
   this.hideMask = !this.hideMask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/mask/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <div class="mask" :class="{ 'hide': hideMask }"></div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: ['hideMask']
}
</script>

自定义事件

子组件 $dispatch() 派发事件传递给父组件，父组件 $broadcast() 广播事件传递给子组件，这种方式虽然减少了props的使用，但是需要额外定义几个事件，状态多了就会变得很复杂，实现方法如下

App.vue 文件

<template>
 <div id="app">
  <mask></mask>
  <dialog></dialog>
  <dialog-icon></dialog-icon>
</template>

<script>
import mask from './components/mask/index'
import dialog from './components/dialog/index'
import dialogIcon from './components/dialog-icon/index'

export default {
 components: {
  mask,
  dialog,
  dialogIcon
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hideMask: true,
   hideDialog: true
  }
 },
 events: {
  'dialog-dispatch' () {
   this.hidedialog = !this.hidedialog
   this.$broadcast('dialog-broadcast')
  },
  'mask-dispatch' () {
   this.hideMask = !this.hideMask
   this.$broadcast('mask-broadcast')
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog-icon/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog-icon" @click="show()">点击出现弹窗</section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 methods: {
  show () {
   this.$dispatch('dialog-dispatch')
   this.$dispatch('mask-dispatch')
  }
 },
 events: {
  'dialog-broadcast' () {
   this.hideDialog = !this.hideDialog
  }
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hideDialog: this.$parent.hideDialog,
   hideMask: this.$parent.hideMask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog" :class="{ 'hide': hideDialog }">
  <div class="dialog-close" @click="hide()"></div>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 methods: {
  hide () {
   this.$dispatch('dialog-dispatch')
   this.$dispatch('mask-dispatch')
  }
 },
 events: {
  'dialog-broadcast' () {
   this.hideDialog = !this.hideDialog
  }
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hideDialog: this.$parent.hideDialog,
   hideMask: this.$parent.hideMask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/mask/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <div class="mask" :class="{ 'hide': hideMask }"></div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 data () {
  return {
   hideMask: this.$parent.hideMask
  }
 },
 events: {
  'mask-broadcast' () {
   this.hideMask = !this.hideMask
  }
 }
}
</script>

Vuex

状态统一放store管理，修改状态通过mutations，组件通过action调用mutations，虽然有点绕，但是所有东西放一起后期会更好维护，实现方法如下

App.vue 文件

<template>
 <div id="app">
  <mask></mask>
  <dialog></dialog>
  <dialog-icon></dialog-icon>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
import mask from './components/mask/index'
import dialog from './components/dialog/index'
import dialogIcon from './components/dialog-icon/index'

export default {
 components: {
  mask,
  dialog,
  dialogIcon
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="storehouse dialog" :class="{ 'hide': isHideDialog }">
  <div class="dialog-close" @click="hideDialog()"></div>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
import { hideDialog } from '../../vuex/actions'

export default {
 vuex: {
  state: {
   isHideDialog: state => state.isHideDialog
  },
  actions: {
   hideDialog
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog-icon/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="storehouse-icon" @click="hideDialog()">点击出现弹窗</section>
</template>

<script>
import { hideDialog } from '../../vuex/actions'

export default {
 vuex: {
  actions: {
   hideDialog
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/mask/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <div class="mask" :class="{ 'hide': isHideMask }"></div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 vuex: {
  state: {
   isHideMask: state => state.isHideMask
  }
 }
}
</script>

vuex/store.js 文件

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import mutations from './mutations'

Vue.use(Vuex)

const state = {
 isHideMask: true,
 isHideDialog: true
}

const store = new Vuex.Store({
 state,
 mutations
})

if (module.hot) {
 module.hot.accept(['./mutations'], () => {
  const mutations = require('./mutations').default
  store.hotUpdate({
   mutations
  })
 })
}

export default store

vuex/mutations.js 文件

import {
 HIDEDIALOG
}
from './mutation-types'

export
default {
 [HIDEDIALOG] (state) {
  state.isHideDialog = !state.isHideDialog
  state.isHideMask = !state.isHideMask
 }
}

vuex/mutations-types.js 文件

export const HIDEDIALOG = 'HIDEDIALOG'

vuex/action.js 文件

import { HIDEDIALOG } from './mutation-types'
export const hideDialog = ({ dispatch }) => dispatch(HIDEDIALOG)

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