JSP + Servlet实现生成登录验证码示例

随机生成四位数验证码，包括汉字，数字，英文大小写。

1.Servlet类

package servlet;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class PictureCheckCode extends HttpServlet {

   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 

    public PictureCheckCode() {
      super();
    } 

    public void destroy() {
      super.destroy();
    } 

    public void init() throws ServletException {
      super.init();
    }
    /*该方法主要作用是获得随机生成的颜色*/
    public Color getRandColor(int s,int e){
      Random random=new Random ();
      if(s>255) s=255;
      if(e>255) e=255;
      int r,g,b;
      r=s+random.nextInt(e-s);  //随机生成RGB颜色中的r值
      g=s+random.nextInt(e-s);  //随机生成RGB颜色中的g值
      b=s+random.nextInt(e-s);  //随机生成RGB颜色中的b值
      return new Color(r,g,b);
    } 

  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {
    System.out.println("this is doGet method");
    this.doPost(request, response);

  }

  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {

    //设置不缓存图片
    response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
    response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "No-cache");
    response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
    //指定生成的响应图片,一定不能缺少这句话,否则错误.
    response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
    int width=80,height=35;   //指定生成验证码的宽度和高度
    BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //创建BufferedImage对象,其作用相当于一图片
    Graphics g=image.getGraphics();   //创建Graphics对象,其作用相当于画笔
    Graphics2D g2d=(Graphics2D)g;    //创建Grapchics2D对象
    Random random=new Random();
    Font mfont=new Font("楷体",Font.BOLD,16); //定义字体样式
    g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
    g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);  //绘制背景
    g.setFont(mfont);          //设置字体
    g.setColor(getRandColor(180,200)); 

    //绘制100条颜色和位置全部为随机产生的线条,该线条为2f
    for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
      int x=random.nextInt(width-1);
      int y=random.nextInt(height-1);
      int x1=random.nextInt(6)+1;
      int y1=random.nextInt(12)+1;
      BasicStroke bs=new BasicStroke(2f,BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL); //定制线条样式
      Line2D line=new Line2D.Double(x,y,x+x1,y+y1);
      g2d.setStroke(bs);
      g2d.draw(line);   //绘制直线
    }
    //输出由英文，数字，和中文随机组成的验证文字，具体的组合方式根据生成随机数确定。
    String sRand="";
    String ctmp="";
    int itmp=0;
    //制定输出的验证码为四位
    for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
      switch(random.nextInt(3)){
        case 1:   //生成A-Z的字母
           itmp=random.nextInt(26)+65;
           ctmp=String.valueOf((char)itmp);
           break;
        case 2:   //生成汉字
           String[] rBase={"0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"};
           //生成第一位区码
           int r1=random.nextInt(3)+11;
           String str_r1=rBase[r1];
           //生成第二位区码
           int r2;
           if(r1==13){
             r2=random.nextInt(7);
           }else{
             r2=random.nextInt(16);
           }
           String str_r2=rBase[r2];
           //生成第一位位码
           int r3=random.nextInt(6)+10;
           String str_r3=rBase[r3];
           //生成第二位位码
           int r4;
           if(r3==10){
             r4=random.nextInt(15)+1;
           }else if(r3==15){
             r4=random.nextInt(15);
           }else{
             r4=random.nextInt(16);
           }
           String str_r4=rBase[r4];
           //将生成的机内码转换为汉字
           byte[] bytes=new byte[2];
           //将生成的区码保存到字节数组的第一个元素中
           String str_12=str_r1+str_r2;
           int tempLow=Integer.parseInt(str_12, 16);
           bytes[0]=(byte) tempLow;
           //将生成的位码保存到字节数组的第二个元素中
           String str_34=str_r3+str_r4;
           int tempHigh=Integer.parseInt(str_34, 16);
           bytes[1]=(byte)tempHigh;
           ctmp=new String(bytes);
           break;
        default:
           itmp=random.nextInt(10)+48;
           ctmp=String.valueOf((char)itmp);
           break;
      }
      sRand+=ctmp;
      Color color=new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),random.nextInt(110));
      g.setColor(color);
      //将生成的随机数进行随机缩放并旋转制定角度 PS.建议不要对文字进行缩放与旋转,因为这样图片可能不正常显示
      /*将文字旋转制定角度*/
      Graphics2D g2d_word=(Graphics2D)g;
      AffineTransform trans=new AffineTransform();
      trans.rotate((45)*3.14/180,15*i+8,7);
      /*缩放文字*/
      float scaleSize=random.nextFloat()+0.8f;
      if(scaleSize>1f) scaleSize=1f;
      trans.scale(scaleSize, scaleSize);
      g2d_word.setTransform(trans);
      g.drawString(ctmp, 15*i+18, 14);
    }
    HttpSession session=request.getSession(true);
    session.setAttribute("randCheckCode", sRand);
    System.out.println(sRand);
    g.dispose();  //释放g所占用的系统资源
    ImageIO.write(image,"JPEG",response.getOutputStream()); //输出图片
  }

}

2.web.xml配置

<servlet>
  <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
  <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
  <servlet-name>PictureCheckCode</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>servlet.PictureCheckCode</servlet-class>
 </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>PictureCheckCode</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/pictureCheckCode</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

3.jsp页面输出验证码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>

<title>登录页面</title>

<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<script language="javascript">
  function myReload() {
    document.getElementById("CreateCheckCode").src = document
        .getElementById("CreateCheckCode").src
        + "?nocache=" + new Date().getTime();
  }
</script>

</head>

<body>
  <form action="loginServlet" method="get">
      <p class="font tdheight">
        验证码：<input type="text" name="checkCode"
          style="width:70px;height:35px;"> <img
          src="pictureCheckCode" id="CreateCheckCode" align="middle"
          style="margin-top:-10px;"> <br> <a href=""
          onclick="myReload()"
          style="font-size:12px;color:red;margin-left:156px;"> 看不清,换一个</a>
      </p>
      <br><input type="submit" value="提交"
            class="font" style="width:240px;height:35px;background:#f19e28">

    </form>
</body>
</html>

4.后台Servlet判断验证码是否与输入一致

通过request.getParameter(“checkCode”)获取输入验证码，与session.getAttribute(“randCheckCode”)比较是否一致。

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {

    String code = request.getParameter("checkCode");
    HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    if (!code.equals(session.getAttribute("randCheckCode"))) {
      request.setAttribute("errormsg", "验证码不正确");
    }
    System.out.println(request.getAttribute("errormsg"));
  }

运行结果：

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