详解Spring MVC4 纯注解配置教程

阅读本文需要又一定的sping基础，最起码要成功的运行过一个SpringMvc项目。

在传统的Spring项目中，我们要写一堆的XML文件。而这些XML文件格式要求又很严格，很不便于开发。而网上所谓的0配置，并不是纯粹的0配置，还是要写一些xml配置，只是用了几个@Service，@Controller注解而已。

在这里，我讲介绍一种新的配置方式，一行XML代码都不需要，什么web.xml,Application-context.xml，Beans.xml，统统去死吧！

首先建立一个Maven项目，Packageing方式为war，项目结构为标准Maven WebApp结构。

pom文件如下（很多依赖都没用，懒得去掉了）：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.csonezp</groupId>
  <artifactId>springdemo</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>dataplatform Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <spring.version>4.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>asm</groupId>
      <artifactId>asm-commons</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>asm</groupId>
      <artifactId>asm</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Servlet API, JSTL -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.8.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.8.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.8</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.json</groupId>
      <artifactId>json</artifactId>
      <version>20090211</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>spy</groupId>
      <artifactId>spymemcached</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.6</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>dataplatform</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

这个时候，就该进行Spring配置了。按传统方式来的话，首先要去web.xml写一堆配置，然后建立个管理beab的Beans.xml，管理spring mvc 的xml，再写一坨一坨Bean。就是先进一点的（也就是很多人说的0配置），也就是自己的业务Bean不用写进xml了，还是很麻烦。

而我这里讲的方式，则是完全不修改任何web.xml代码，不写一行XML代码的方式。

首先，在项目立建立一个Config.java文件：

/**
 * Created by zhangpeng on 16-3-22.
 * 取代Beans.xml，纯注解配置各种BEAN
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.csonezp")
@EnableWebMvc
public class Config {
  /**
   * jsp视图解析器的bean
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public UrlBasedViewResolver setupViewResolver() {
    UrlBasedViewResolver resolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver();
    resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/");
    resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
    resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
    return resolver;
  }

  /**
   * 配置数据源
   * @return
   */
  @Bean(name = "dataSource")
  public ComboPooledDataSource getDataSource() {
    try {

      ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
      dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mfdb");
      dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
      dataSource.setUser("root");
      dataSource.setPassword("zp1228");
      dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(75);
      return dataSource;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return null;
    }
  }
}

@Configuration注解就是告诉Spring这个是一个配置文件类，这里配置的Bean要交给Spring去管理。这个就是用来取代Beans.xml这种文件的。

@ComponentScan("com.csonezp")这个注解就是配置包扫描用的，不必多说了

@EnableWebMvc ，启用Spring MVC支持

这里面配置了两个Bean，第一个就是JSP的视图解析器，第二个则是配置了一个数据源。这些都可以对应到XML文件里面去的。找一个传统Spring项目，用xml文件对比着我这个类去看，会对这种配置方式有更深的了解。

下面要建立一个WebInitializer类继承WebApplicationInitializer，在这里添加一个servlet。这一步是用来取代在web.xml中添加servlet的步骤

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;

public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

  public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {

    AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    ctx.register(Config.class);
    ctx.setServletContext(servletContext);  

    Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));
    servlet.addMapping("/");
    servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); 

  } 

}

这样就OK啦！让我们写一些代码来测试一下吧！

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by zhangpeng on 16-3-22.
 */
@Service
public class HelloService {
  public String getHello(String name) {
    return name + ",Hello!";
  }
}

import com.guduo.dataplatform.service.HelloService;
import com.guduo.dataplatform.service.MovieService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * Created by zhangpeng on 16-3-22.
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

  @Autowired
  HelloService helloService;
  @Autowired
  MovieService movieService;

  @RequestMapping("/hello")
  public String sayHello(@RequestParam("name") String name, ModelMap model) {
    model.put("hello", helloService.getHello(name));
    return "hello";
  }
}

一个service，一个controller。

启动项目，在浏览器中输入地址http://localhost:8080/dp/test/hello?name=sss

页面显示sss,Hello!

完工！

额，忘了演示Confgig里配置的bean如何使用了。其实和XML里的一样。这里拿一个DAO做演示吧，这里就注入了我们在config里配置的那个数据源

@Repository
public class MoviePlayIncDao {
  private DataSource dataSource;

  private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;

  @Autowired
  public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
    this.dataSource = dataSource;
    this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
  }

  public List<MoviePlayIncreament> getMoviePlayInc(int movieId) {
    try {
      String SQL = "select * from movieplayincreament where movieid=?";
      List<MoviePlayIncreament> list = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, new MoviePlayIncMapper(), new Object[]{movieId});
      return list;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return null;
    }
  }

}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持我们。