Android GestureDetector手势滑动使用实例讲解
Gesture在 ViewGroup中使用
GestureDetector类可以让我们快速的处理手势事件,如点击,滑动等。
使用GestureDetector分三步:
1. 定义GestureDetector类
2. 初始化手势类,同时设置手势监听
3. 将touch事件交给gesture处理
先来了解一下如何使用,后面会有示例:
package com.example.y2222.myview; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.GestureDetector; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.widget.LinearLayout; /** * Created by raise.yang on 2016/06/29. */ public class GestureDemoView extends LinearLayout { //1,定义GestureDetector类 private GestureDetector m_gestureDetector; public GestureDemoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public GestureDemoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); //设置为可点击 setClickable(true); //2,初始化手势类,同时设置手势监听 m_gestureDetector = new GestureDetector(context, onGestureListener); //双击监听-一般很少用到 m_gestureDetector.setOnDoubleTapListener(onDoubleTapListener); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { //3,将touch事件交给gesture处理 m_gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event); return super.onTouchEvent(event); } //初始化手势监听对象,使用GestureDetector.OnGestureListener的实现抽象类,因为实际开发中好多方法用不上 private final GestureDetector.OnGestureListener onGestureListener = new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() { @Override public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onSingleTapUp() "); return super.onSingleTapUp(e); } @Override public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onLongPress() "); super.onLongPress(e); } @Override public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float distanceX, float distanceY) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onScroll() distanceX = " + distanceX); return super.onScroll(e1, e2, distanceX, distanceY); } @Override public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onFling() velocityX = " + velocityX); return super.onFling(e1, e2, velocityX, velocityY); } @Override public void onShowPress(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onShowPress() "); super.onShowPress(e); } @Override public boolean onDown(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onDown() "); return super.onDown(e); } @Override public boolean onDoubleTap(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onDoubleTap() "); return super.onDoubleTap(e); } @Override public boolean onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onDoubleTapEvent() "); return super.onDoubleTapEvent(e); } @Override public boolean onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onSingleTapConfirmed() "); return super.onSingleTapConfirmed(e); } @Override public boolean onContextClick(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onContextClick() "); return super.onContextClick(e); } }; private final GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener onDoubleTapListener = new GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener() { @Override public boolean onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onSingleTapConfirmed() OnDoubleTapListener"); return false; } @Override public boolean onDoubleTap(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onDoubleTap() OnDoubleTapListener"); return false; } @Override public boolean onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent e) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onDoubleTapEvent() OnDoubleTapListener"); return false; } }; }
注意:setClickable(true);一定要加,不然只会收到下例3个事件,被这个整了好长时间才找到原因.(⊙﹏⊙)b
对于单击,双击,拖动等事件调用见下图:
根据上图,每个方法大致都调用了,说明几个容易弄混的回调方法
1. onScroll()
public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float distanceX, float distanceY)
e1:滑动事件的起点(也就是说onDown()的时候)
e2:当前滑动位置点(手指的位置)
distanceX:上次滑动(调用onScroll)到这次滑动的X轴的距离px,不是e1点到e2点的X轴的距离
distanceY:上次滑动(调用onScroll)到这次滑动的Y轴的距离px,不是e1点到e2点的Y轴的距离
2. onFling()
public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY)
e1:拖动动事件的起点(也就是说onDown()的时候)
e2:onFling()调用时,手指的位置
velocityX:X轴上每秒滑动像素值
velocityY:Y轴上每秒滑动像素值
注意:当拖动速率velocityX或velocityY超过ViewConfiguration.getMinimumFlingVelocity()最小拖动速率时,才会调用onFling(),也就是如果只拖动一点,或是慢慢的拖动,是不会触发该方法。
对应源码:
if ((Math.abs(velocityY) > mMinimumFlingVelocity) || (Math.abs(velocityX) > mMinimumFlingVelocity)){ handled = mListener.onFling(mCurrentDownEvent, ev, velocityX, velocityY); }
实践:使用GestureDetector实现左滑删除
在很多ListView中都有该效果,现在自己实现下,顺便熟悉GestureDetector的使用。
效果图:
GestureDemoView.java:
package com.example.y2222.myview; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.GestureDetector; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import com.example.y2222.myapplication.R; /** * Created by raise.yang on 2016/06/29. */ public class GestureDemoView extends LinearLayout { //1,定义GestureDetector类 private GestureDetector m_gestureDetector; private int m_max_scrollX; public GestureDemoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public GestureDemoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); //设置为可点击 setClickable(true); //2,初始化手势类,同时设置手势监听 m_gestureDetector = new GestureDetector(context, onGestureListener); LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.view_gesture, this); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { //3,将touch事件交给gesture处理 m_gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event); if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) { // GestureDetector没有处理up事件的方法,只能在这里处理了。 int scrollX = getScrollX(); if (scrollX > m_max_scrollX / 2) { show_right_view(); } else { hide_right_view(); } } return super.onTouchEvent(event); } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); int childCount = getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { //测量子view的宽高,?不测量,右侧布局会不显示,这里有点疑问 measureChild(getChildAt(i), widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); if (i == 1) { m_max_scrollX = getChildAt(i).getMeasuredWidth(); } } } //初始化手势监听对象,使用GestureDetector.OnGestureListener的实现抽象类,因为实际开发中好多方法用不上 private final GestureDetector.OnGestureListener onGestureListener = new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() { @Override public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float distanceX, float distanceY) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onScroll() distanceX = " + distanceX + " getScrollX = " + getScrollX() + " max_scrollX = " + m_max_scrollX); int scrollX = getScrollX(); int minScrollX = -scrollX; int maxScrollY = m_max_scrollX - scrollX; // 对滑动的距离边界控制 if (distanceX > maxScrollY) { distanceX = maxScrollY; } else if (distanceX < minScrollX) { distanceX = minScrollX; } scrollBy((int) distanceX, 0); return true; } @Override public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY) { Log.d("GestureDemoView", "onFling() velocityX = " + velocityX); if (velocityX < 0) { //快速向左滑动 show_right_view(); } else { hide_right_view(); } return super.onFling(e1, e2, velocityX, velocityY); } }; private void show_right_view() { scrollTo(m_max_scrollX, 0); } private void hide_right_view() { scrollTo(0, 0); } }
view_gesture.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:text="左侧布局"/> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal" > <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="收藏"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="删除"/> </LinearLayout> </merge>
xml文件中根标签使用<merge>,可减少一层view树嵌套,并且使用getChildCount()能得到我们想要的子view个数。
关于<merge>标签的使用,详见郭神的blog:http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/43376527
实现也很简单,在scroll和fling的时候,得到滑动距离或滑动速度,再调用view自己的scrollTo()或scrollBy()滑动内部元素即可。
从效果图中,当滑动到一半松手时,立即滑动到最左边,完全没有动画,这样的体验很差,所以还需优化。关于滑动时增加动画效果,可以使用Scroller类完成,准备下期补上。
Gesture在 View中使用
和在viewgroup中一样,在view中,同样是经过三步来实现:
1. 定义GestureDetector类
2. 初始化手势类,同时设置手势监听
3. 将touch事件交给gesture处理
举个荔枝:
做了一个小球跟随手指移动的效果,先绘制小球,当手指放在小球上滑动时,会调用onScroll(),在这个方法中,修改圆心的位置进行重绘,这样小球就能移动了。
这里有2个难点:
1. 如何判断手指落在了小球上;
2. 滑动到边界时,不能超过边界;
效果图:
GestureView.java代码:
package com.example.y2222.myview; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.GestureDetector; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; /** * Created by raise.yang on 2016/07/05. */ public class GestureView extends View { private GestureDetector m_gestureDetector; private Paint m_paint; //小球的中心点 private float centerX; private float centerY; //小球的半径 private int radius; //是否touch在小球上 private boolean touch_bool; public GestureView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public GestureView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); // 初始画笔 m_paint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); m_paint.setColor(getResources().getColor(android.R.color.holo_blue_light)); //设置为可点击 setClickable(true); //2,初始化手势类,同时设置手势监听 m_gestureDetector = new GestureDetector(context, onGestureListener); radius = 50; } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { //3,将touch事件交给gesture处理 m_gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event); if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { //判断手指落在了小球上 if (getDistanceByPoint((int) centerX, (int) centerY, (int) event.getX(), (int) event.getY()) < radius) { touch_bool = true; } else { touch_bool = false; } } return super.onTouchEvent(event); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { // 默认圆心在中心点 if (w > 0) { centerX = w / 2; } if (h > 0) { centerY = h / 2; } } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { canvas.drawCircle(centerX, centerY, radius, m_paint); } GestureDetector.OnGestureListener onGestureListener = new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() { @Override public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float distanceX, float distanceY) { if (touch_bool) { centerY -= distanceY; centerX -= distanceX; //处理边界问题 if (centerX < radius) { centerX = radius; } else if (centerX > getWidth() - radius) { centerX = getWidth() - radius; } if (centerY < radius) { centerY = radius; } else if (centerY > getHeight() - radius) { centerY = getHeight() - radius; } //修改圆心后,通知重绘 postInvalidate(); } return true; } }; /** * 计算两点间的距离 */ private int getDistanceByPoint(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) { double temp = Math.abs((x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) - (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1)); return (int) Math.sqrt(temp); } }
在处理问题1时,我设置了一个boolean值,在用户触摸的时候去判断,当前点和圆心点的距离是否小于半径,若小于,说明在圆内。这样在滑动的时候,就去判断一下,是否需要滑动小球。
控制边界,其实就是控制圆心点的坐标,只要保证落在(radius,radius),(getWidth()-radius,getHeight()-radius)两点矩形中即可。
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