C语言实现学生管理系统

本文实例为大家分享了C语言实现学生管理系统的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef struct student{
 long number;//学号
 char name[10];//姓名
 char sex[3];//性别
 int age;//年龄
 float Chinese;//语文
 float Math;//数学
 float English;//英语
 float sum;//求和
 float average;//平均分
 struct student *next;
}Stu,*StuList;
//函数声明
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat(void);//总创建
StuList creat1(void);//键盘接收
StuList creat2(void);//读取文件
StuList changes(StuList head);//更新
StuList modify(StuList head,long num);//修改
StuList del(StuList head,long num);//删除
StuList insert(StuList head,StuList stud);//插入
StuList input(StuList head,StuList p1);//录取信息
void sort(StuList head);//排序
void total_average_sort(StuList head);//求总分排序
void chinese_sort(StuList head);//求语文排序
void math_sort(StuList head);//数学排序
void english_sort(StuList head);//英语排序
void print(StuList head);//遍历
void Statistics(StuList head);//统计
void search(StuList head);//查找
void numsearch(StuList head,long num);//学号查找
void namesearch(StuList head,char name[]);//名字查找
int n;//计算学生的总个数
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat(void)//总创建
{
 StuList head;
 int k;
 head=NULL;
 printf("输入学生信息的方式：1.从键盘输入 2.从文件读入 0.退出\n");
 printf("请选择：");
 scanf("%d",&k);
 switch(k)
 {
  case 1:head=creat1();break;
  case 2:head=creat2();break;
  case 0:break;
  default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n");
 }
 return head;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat1(void)//从键盘接入
{
 StuList head,p1;
 n=0;
 p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));//生成一个新的节点
 printf("请输入学生信息！\n");
 head=NULL;
 p1=input(head,p1);//让p1指向已经赋值的结构体
 while(p1->number!=0)
 {
  head=insert(head,p1);
  p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
  p1=input(head,p1);
 }
 return head;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat2(void)//从文件读取
{
 FILE *fp;
 StuList head,p1;
 n=0;
 head=NULL;
 if((fp=fopen("1.txt","r"))==NULL)
 {
  printf("打开文件失败！\n");
  exit(0);
 }
 p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
 while(!feof(fp))//检测文件是否处在文件末尾如文件处在末尾则为1否则为0
 {
  fscanf(fp,"%ld%s%s%d%f%f%f%f%f\n",&p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,&p1->age,&p1->Chinese,&p1->Math,&p1->English,&p1->sum,&p1->average);
  head=insert(head,p1);
  p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
 };
 fclose(fp);
 return head;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList input(StuList head,StuList p1)//录取信息的函数
{
 int i,f,k;
 StuList p2;
 loop:printf("学号（为整数，输入0时返回上一级）:");
 scanf("%ld",&p1->number);
 if(p1->number<0)
 {
  printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n");
  goto loop;
 }
 else{
  if(p1->number==0)
   return p1;
  else
  {
   p2=head;
   f=0;
   for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
   {
    if(p1->number==p2->number)
    {
     f=1;
     break;
    }
    p2=p2->next;
   }
  }
  if(f)
  {
    printf("学号不能重复，请重新输入！\n");
   goto loop;
  }
 }
 printf("姓名:");
 scanf("%s",p1->name);
 loop1:printf("性别: 1.男 2.女\n");
 printf("请选择性别:");
 scanf("%d",&k);
 switch(k)
 {
  case 1:strcpy(p1->sex,"男");break;
  case 2:strcpy(p1->sex,"女");break;
  default:printf("性别只能是“男”或“女”，请重新输入！\n");
  goto loop1;
 }
 printf("年龄:");
 scanf("%d",&p1->age);
 while(p1->age<0||p1->age>120)
 {
  printf("你输入的年龄不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
  printf("年龄:");
  scanf("%d",&p1->age);
 }
 printf("语文成绩:");
 scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
 while(p1->Chinese<0||p1->Chinese>100)
 {
  printf("你输入的语文成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
  printf("语文成绩:");
  scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
 }
 printf("数学成绩:");
 scanf("%f",&p1->Math);
 while(p1->Math<0||p1->Math>100)
 {
  printf("你输入的数学成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
  printf("数学成绩:");
  scanf("%f",&p1->Math);
 }
 printf("英语成绩:");
 scanf("%f",&p1->English);
 while(p1->English<0||p1->English>100)
 {
  printf("你输入的英语成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
  printf("英语成绩:");
  scanf("%f",&p1->English);
 }
 p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
 p1->average=p1->sum/3;
 return p1;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList insert(StuList head,StuList stud)
{
 StuList p0,p1,p2;
 p1=head;
 p0=stud;
 if(head==NULL)
 {
  head=p0;p0->next=NULL;
 }
 else
 {
  while((p0->number>p1->number)&&(p1->next!=NULL))
  {
   p2=p1;
   p1=p1->next;
  }
  if(p0->number<=p1->number)
  {
   if(head==p1)
   {
    head=p0;
   }
   else
   {
    p2->next=p0;
    p0->next=p1;
   }

  }
  else
  {
   p1->next=p0;
   p0->next=NULL;
  }
 }
 n=n+1;
 return head;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void search(StuList head)
{
 int k;
 long num;
 char name[10];
 if(n==0)
 {
  printf("数据库为空，没有学生的记录！\n");
  return;
 }
 else{
  do{
   printf("1. 按学号查找 2. 按姓名查找 0. 返回上一级\n");
   printf("请选择:");
   scanf("%d",&k);
   switch(k)
   {
   case 1:do{
      printf("学号（为整数，输入0时跳出按学号查找）:");
      scanf("%ld",&num);
      if(num>0)
       numsearch(head,num);
      if(num<0)
       printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n");
     }while(num!=0);
     break;
   case 2:do{
      printf("姓名（输入0时跳出按姓名查找）:");
      scanf("%s",name);
      printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
      namesearch(head,name);
     }while(strcmp(name,"0")!=0);
     break;
   case 0:break;
   default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n");
   }
  }while(k!=0);
 }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void numsearch(StuList head,long num)
{
 StuList p1;
 p1=head;
 while(p1!=NULL)
 {
  if(num==p1->number)
  {
   printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
   printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
   return;
  }
  p1=p1->next;
 }
 printf("没有找到你要查找的学生信息！\n");
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void namesearch(StuList head,char name[])
{
 int a=1;
 StuList p1;
 p1=head;
 while(p1!=NULL)
 {
  if(strcmp(name,p1->name)==0)
  {
   printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
   a=0;
  }
   p1=p1->next;
 }
 if(a)
 {
  printf("没有找到你要查找的学生信息！\n");
 }

}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList changes(StuList head)
{
 StuList p1;
 int k;
 long num;
 do{
 printf("1. 修改 2. 删除  3. 插入 0. 返回上一级\n");
 printf("请选择:");
 scanf("%d",&k);
 switch(k)
 {
 case 1:if(n==0)
  {
   printf("数据库为空，没有学生的记录！\n");break;
  }
  else
  do{
    printf("请输入学生的学号（学号应为整数，输入0时跳出修改数据）:");
    scanf("%ld",&num);
    if(num>0)
    head=modify(head,num);
    if(num<0)
     printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n");
  }while(num!=0);
  break;
 case 2:if(n==0)
  {
   printf("数据库为空，没有学生信息！\n");
   break;
  }
  else
   do{
   printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号（学号应为整数，输入0时跳出删除元素）:");
   scanf("%ld",&num);
   if(num>0)
   head=del(head,num);
   if(num<0)
     printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n");
  }while(num!=0);
  break;
  case 3:printf("请输入学生信息！\n");
   p1=(StuList )malloc(sizeof(Stu));
   p1=input(head,p1);
   while(p1->number!=0)
   {
    head=insert(head,p1);
    print(head);
    printf("请输入学生信息！\n");
    p1=(StuList )malloc(sizeof(Stu));
    p1=input(head,p1);
   }
   break;
  case 0:break;
  default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n");
 }
 }while(k!=0);
 return(head);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList modify(StuList head,long num)
{
 StuList p1;
 int k,m;
 p1=head;
 while(p1->next!=NULL)
 {
  if(p1->number==num)
   break;
  p1=p1->next;
 }
 if(p1->number==num)
 {
  do{
  printf("1.姓名 2.性别 3.年龄 4.语文成绩 5.数学成绩 6.英语成绩 0.返回上一级\n");
  printf("请选择:");
  scanf("%d",&k);
  switch(k)
  {
   case 1:printf("姓名:");scanf("%s",p1->name);printf("修改成功！\n");break;
   case 2:loop2:printf("性别: 1.男 2.女\n");
     printf("请选择性别:");
     scanf("%d",&m);
     switch(m)
     {
     case 1:strcpy(p1->sex,"男");break;
     case 2:strcpy(p1->sex,"女");break;
     default:printf("性别只能是“男”或“女”，请重新输入！\n");goto loop2;}
     printf("修改成功！\n");
     break;
   case 3:printf("年龄:");
     scanf("%d",&p1->age);
     while(p1->age<0||p1->age>120)
     {
      printf("你输入的年龄不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
      printf("年龄:");
      scanf("%d",&p1->age);
     }
     printf("修改成功！\n");
     break;
   case 4:printf("语文成绩:");
     scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
     while(p1->Chinese<0||p1->Chinese>100)
     {
       printf("你输入的语文成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
       printf("语文成绩:");
       scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
     }
       p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
       p1->average=p1->sum/3;
       printf("修改成功！\n");
       break;
   case 5:printf("数学成绩:");
     scanf("%f",&p1->Math);
     while(p1->Math<0||p1->Math>100){
       printf("你输入的数学成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
       printf("数学成绩:");
       scanf("%f",&p1->Math);}
       p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
       p1->average=p1->sum/3;
       printf("修改成功！\n");
       break;
   case 6:printf("英语成绩:");
     scanf("%f",&p1->English);
     while(p1->English<0||p1->English>100){
     printf("年输入的英语成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
     printf("英语成绩:");
     scanf("%f",&p1->English);}
     p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
     p1->average=p1->sum/3;
     printf("修改成功！\n");break;
   case 0:break;
   default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n");
  }
  }while(k!=0);
  print(head);
 }
 else
  printf("没有找到你要修改的学生的信息！\n");
 return(head);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void total_average_sort(StuList head)
{
 StuList p1,p2;
 int j=0;
 float max,k=301;
 printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
 do{
  max=0;
  for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->sum>max&&p1->sum<k)
   {
    max=p1->sum;
    p2=p1;
   }
  k=max;
  for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->sum==max)
   {
    printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
    j++;
   }
 }while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void chinese_sort(StuList head)
{
 int j=0;
 float k=101,max;
 StuList p1,p2;
 printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
 do{
  max=0;
  for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->Chinese>max&&p1->Chinese<k)
   {
    max=p1->Chinese;
    p2=p1;
   }
  k=max;
  for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->Chinese==max)
   {
    printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
    j++;
   }
 }while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void math_sort(StuList head)
{
 int j=0;
 float k=101,max;
 StuList p1,p2;
 printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
 do{
  max=0;
  for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->Math>max&&p1->Math<k){
    max=p1->Math;
    p2=p1;}
  k=max;
  for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->Math==max){
    printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
    j++;}
 }while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void english_sort(StuList head)
{
 int j=0;
 float k=101,max;
 StuList p1,p2;
 printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
 do{
  max=0;
  for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->English>max&&p1->English<k){
    max=p1->English;
    p2=p1;}
  k=max;
  for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
   if(p1->English==max){
    printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
    j++;}
 }while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void sort(StuList head)
{
 int k;
 if(n==0)
 {
  printf("数据库为空，没有学生记录！\n");
  return;
 }
 do{
  printf("1.按学号排序 2.按总分和平均分排序 3.按语文成绩排序 4.按数学成绩排序 5.按英语成绩排序 0.返回上一级\n");
  printf("请选择:");
  scanf("%d",&k);
  switch(k)
  {
  case 1:print(head);break;
  case 2:total_average_sort(head);break;
  case 3:chinese_sort(head);break;
  case 4:math_sort(head);break;
  case 5:english_sort(head);break;
  case 0:break;
  default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n");
  }
 }while(k!=0);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList del(StuList head,long num)
{
 StuList p1,p2;
 if(head==NULL)
 {
  printf("数据库为空，没有学生记录！ \n");
  goto end;
 }
 p1=head;
 while(num!=p1->number&&p1->next!=NULL)
 {
  p2=p1;p1=p1->next;
 }
 if(num==p1->number)
 {
  if(p1==head)
  {
   head=p1->next;
   printf("删除成功！\n");
  }
  else
  {
   p2->next=p1->next;
   printf("删除成功！\n");
  }
  n=n-1;
  print(head);
 }
 else printf("没有找到你要删除的学生信息！\n",num);
 end:;
 return head;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Statistics(StuList head)
{
 StuList p1;
 int i,c=0,m=0,e=0;
 float cmax=0,mmax=0,emax=0,summax=0,averagemax=0;
 if(n==0)
 {
  printf("数据库为空，没有学生的信息！\n");
  return;
 }
 p1=head;
 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
 {
  if(p1->Chinese>=cmax)
   cmax=p1->Chinese;
  if(p1->Math>=mmax)
   mmax=p1->Math;
  if(p1->English>=emax)
   emax=p1->English;
  if(p1->sum>=summax)
   summax=p1->sum;
  if(p1->average>=averagemax)
   averagemax=p1->average;
  if(p1->Chinese<60)
   c++;
  if(p1->Math<60)
   m++;
  if(p1->English<60)
   e++;
  p1=p1->next;
 }
 printf("总成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",summax);
 printf("平成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",averagemax);
 printf("语文成绩最高粉:%5.1f\n",cmax);
 printf("数学成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",mmax);
 printf("英语成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",emax);
 printf("语文成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",c);
 printf("数学成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",m);
 printf("英语成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",e);
 printf("\n");
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void print(StuList head)
{
 StuList p1;
 if(n==0)
 {
  printf("数据库为空，没有学生信息！\n");
  return;
 }
 printf("\n现在的%d个学生记录为:\n",n);
 p1=head;
 if(head!=NULL)
 {
  printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
  do {
   printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
   p1=p1->next;
  }while(p1!=NULL);
 }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void save(StuList head)
{
 FILE *fp;
 StuList p1;
 if(n==0)
 {
  printf("你还没有建立数据库！请先建立数据库！\n");
  return;
 }
 if((fp=fopen("1.txt","w+"))==NULL)
 {
  printf("不能打开文件！\n");
  exit(0);
 }
 for(p1=head;p1!=NULL;p1=p1->next)
  fprintf(fp,"%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
 printf("保存成功！\n");
 fclose(fp);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
 int choice;
 StuList head;
 head=NULL;
 do{

  printf("*******************************************************************************\n");
  printf("^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^欢迎来到学生成绩管理系统!^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^\n");
  printf("                    \n");
  printf("       学生成绩管理系统的基本功能：       \n");
  printf("         1. 新建;         \n");
  printf("         2. 查找;         \n");
  printf("         3. 更新;         \n");
  printf("         4. 排序;         \n");
  printf("         5. 统计;         \n");
  printf("         6. 显示;         \n");
  printf("         7. 保存;         \n");
  printf("         0. 跳出;         \n");
  printf("                    \n");
  printf("        按键选择，回车确定!        \n");
  printf("                    \n");
  printf("^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^\n");
  printf("*******************************************************************************\n");
  printf("请选择：");
  scanf("%d",&choice);
  while(getchar()!='\n');
  switch(choice)
  {
   case 1:head=creat();print(head);break;
   case 2:search(head);break;
   case 3:head=changes(head);break;
   case 4:sort(head);break;
   case 5:Statistics(head);break;
   case 6:print(head);break;
   case 7:save(head);break;
   case 0:break;
   default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择!\n");
  }
 }while(choice!=0);
}

运行结果如下:

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