Python django导出excel详解

目录

• 一、基础环境
• 二、需求
• 三、功能实现
• 四、源码
• 一、序化类实现
• 二、手动转换外键实现
• 总结

django restframework 导入excel内容，可以查看另外一篇文章

一、基础环境

web架构：前后端分离，前端使用vue，后端使用django 的rest framework

django版本3.2

django-excel 版本0.0.10

djangorestframework版本3.12.4

二、需求

界面导出excel数据内容

导入model包含外键类型

三、功能实现

1.不使用序列化类：需要手动实现外键对象转换为外键值

2.使用序化类：

四、源码

#models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
class MyITtype(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=128, unique=True)
    ittype = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="类型")
    comment = models.TextField(verbose_name="备注", blank=True, default="")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        db_table = "MyITtype"
        verbose_name = "it资产类型"
class MyAsset(models.Model):
    ittype = models.ForeignKey(MyITtype, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, verbose_name="产品类型", null=True)
    code = models.CharField(verbose_name="资产编码", max_length=128, unique=True)
    buytime = models.DateField(verbose_name="入仓时间", default=timezone.now)
    usetime = models.DateField(verbose_name="分配时间", default=timezone.now)
    comment = models.TextField(verbose_name="规格说明", blank=True, default="")
    user = models.CharField(verbose_name="使用人", max_length=128, blank=True, default="")
    status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="状态")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.code
    class Meta:
        db_table = "opGTITAsset"
        verbose_name = "it固产"

一、序化类实现

#asset-export.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
from .models import MyAsset
import django_excel as excel
class ITAssetSer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyAsset
        fields = '__all__'
class ITAssetExport(APIView):
    """"""
    use_model = MyAsset
    queryset = use_model.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ITAssetSer
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            data = request.data
            id_list = data.get("data")
            obj_list = self.queryset.all()
            # 如果有值，表示导出部分，否则导出全部
            if id_list:
                obj_list = obj_list.filter(id__in=id_list)
            ser = self.serializer_class(instance=obj_list, many=True)
            return MakeExcel(obj_list=ser.data, class_name=self.use_model, filename="itasset")
        except:
            ret = {
                "code": 599,
                "message": "导出数据出错"
            }
            return Response(ret)
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.http_method_not_allowed(request, *args, **kwargs)
def MakeExcel(obj_list, class_name, filename):
    """
    制作excel表
    :param ser_list: 内容列表
    :param class_name: 类名
    :param filename: 文件名
    :return:
    """
    meta_fields = class_name._meta.fields
    name_list = [field.name for field in meta_fields]
    header_list = [field.verbose_name for field in meta_fields]
    wdata = [header_list]
    for obj in obj_list:
        data = [obj[name] for name in name_list]
        wdata.append(data)
    sheet = excel.pe.Sheet(wdata)
    response = excel.make_response(pyexcel_instance=sheet, file_name=filename, file_type="xlsx")
    return response

二、手动转换外键实现

#asset-export.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.objializers import ModelSerializer
from .models import MyAsset
import django_excel as excel
class ITAssetSer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyAsset
        fields = '__all__'
class ITAssetExport(APIView):
    """"""
    use_model = MyAsset
    queryset = use_model.objects.all()
    objializer_class = ITAssetSer
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            obj_list = self.use_model.objects.all()
            return MakeExcel(obj_list=obj_list, class_name=self.use_model, filename="itasset")
        except:
            ret = {
                "code": 599,
                "message": "导出数据出错"
            }
            return Response(ret)
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.http_method_not_allowed(request, *args, **kwargs)
def MakeExcel(obj_list, class_name, filename):
    """
    制作excel表
    :param obj_list: 内容列表
    :param class_name: 类名
    :param filename: 文件名
    :return:
    """
    meta_fields = class_name._meta.fields
    name_list = [field.name for field in meta_fields]
    header_list = [field.verbose_name for field in meta_fields]
    wdata = [header_list]
 for obj in obj_list:
        data = []
        for name in name_list:
            value = eval("obj." + name)  # 等价于getattr(obj,name)，即获取该对象某个字段内容
            if isinstance(value, Model):
                value = eval("".join(["obj." + name + "_id"]))  # 等价于obj.name_id，即获取该对象中外键对象数值
            data.append(value)
            # 参考例子
            # data = [getattr(obj, name) if name != "ittype" else obj.ittype_id for name in name_list]
        wdata.append(data)
    sheet = excel.pe.Sheet(wdata)
    response = excel.make_response(pyexcel_instance=sheet, file_name=filename, file_type="xlsx")
    return response
 

总结

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