详解Spring中使用@within与@target的区别
项目里用到@within时,出现了一些问题,使用@target就可以解决,但又会出现一些新的问题,因此本文探讨了在spring中,使用@within和@target的一些区别。
背景
项目里有一个动态切换数据源的功能,我们是用切面来实现的,是基于注解来实现的,但是父类的方法是可以切换数据源的,如果有一个类直接继承这个类,调用这个子类时,这个子类是不能够切换数据源的,除非这个子类重写父类的方法。
模拟项目例子
注解定义: @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Inherited @Documented public @interface MyAnnotation { String value() default "me"; } 切面定义: @Order(-1) @Aspect @Component public class MyAspect { @Before("@within(myAnnotation)") public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point, MyAnnotation myAnnotation) { System.out.println("before, myAnnotation.value : " + myAnnotation.value()); } } 父类Bean: @MyAnnotation("father") public class Father { public void hello() { System.out.println("father.hello()"); } public void hello2() { System.out.println("father.hello2()"); } } 子类Bean: @MyAnnotation("son") public class Son extends Father { @Override public void hello() { System.out.println("son.hello()"); } } 配置类: @Configuration @EnableAspectJAutoProxy(exposeProxy = true) public class Config { @Bean public Father father() { return new Father(); } @Bean public Son son() { return new Son(); } } 测试类: public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class, MyAspect.class); Father father = context.getBean("father", Father.class); father.hello(); father.hello2(); Son son = context.getBean(Son.class); son.hello(); son.hello2(); } }
我们定义了一个@Before
通知,方法参数有point, myAnnotation
,方法里输出了myAnnotation.value
的值
下面是输出结果:
before, myAnnotation.value : father
father.hello()
before, myAnnotation.value : father
father.hello2()
before, myAnnotation.value : son
son.hello()
before, myAnnotation.value : father
father.hello2()
从上面的输出结果看出:Son
类重写了hello
方法,myAnnotation.value
的输出的值是son
,hello2
方法没有重写,myAnnotation.value
的输出的值是father
根据需求,我们肯定希望调用Son
类的所有方法时,都希望myAnnotation.value
的输出的值是son
,因此就需要重写父类的所有public
方法
那有没有办法不重写这些方法也能达到相同的效果呢,答案是可以的。
看看使用@within
和@target
的区别
我们分别在父类和子类上加上注解和去掉注解,一起来看看对应的结果
@within
父类无注解,子类有注解:
father.hello() father.hello2() before, myAnnotation.value : son son.hello() father.hello2()
父类有注解,子类无注解:
before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello2() before, myAnnotation.value : father son.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello2()
父类有注解,子类有注解(其实就是上面那个例子的结果):
before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello2() before, myAnnotation.value : son son.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello2()
@target
把切面代码改成如下:
@Order(-1) @Aspect @Component public class MyAspect { @Before("@target(myAnnotation)") public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point, MyAnnotation myAnnotation) { System.out.println("before, myAnnotation.value : " + myAnnotation.value()); } }
我们再一起来看看测试结果:
父类无注解,子类有注解:
father.hello() father.hello2() before, myAnnotation.value : son son.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : son father.hello2()
父类有注解,子类无注解:
before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello2() son.hello() father.hello2()
父类有注解,子类有注解
before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : father father.hello2() before, myAnnotation.value : son son.hello() before, myAnnotation.value : son father.hello2()
我们从上面总结出一套规律:
@within
:@Before
通知方法的myAnnotation
参数指的是调用方法所在的类上面的注解,就是这个方法是在哪个类上定义的
@target
:@Before
通知方法的myAnnotation
参数指的是调用方法运行时所属于的类上面的注解
我们最后总结一下,如果父类和子类上都标有注解,@within
和@target
的所得到实际注解的区别
@within | @target | |
---|---|---|
父类方法 | 父类注解 | 父类注解 |
子类不重写方法 | 父类注解 | 子类注解 |
子类重写方法 | 子类注解 | 子类注解 |
@target 看起来跟合理一点
从上面的分析可以看出,其实用@target更符合我们想要的结果,在某个类上面加一个注解,拦截的时候就会获取这个类上面的注解,跟父类完全没有关系了
但这个时候会遇到一个问题,就是不相关的类都会生从代理类,
例子如下:
public class NormalBean { public void hello() { } } @Configuration @EnableAspectJAutoProxy(exposeProxy = true) public class Config { @Bean public Father father() { return new Father(); } @Bean public Son son() { return new Son(); } @Bean public NormalBean normalBean() { return new NormalBean(); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class, MyAspect.class); Father father = context.getBean("father", Father.class); father.hello(); father.hello2(); Son son = context.getBean(Son.class); son.hello(); son.hello2(); NormalBean normalBean = context.getBean(NormalBean.class); System.out.println(normalBean.getClass()); } }
输出:
class cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.NormalBean$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$eebc2a39
可以看出NormalBean自己什么都没做,但却被代理了
我们再把@target换成@within:
class cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.NormalBean
可以看出使用@within时,不相关的类没有被代理
我们一起来看看为什么
在AbstractAutoProxyCreator类中的wrapIfNecessary方法打断点,看看什么情况:
@within
@target
我们从上面的图片就可以理解为什么@target会生成代理类
我们再深入看一下:
@within会走到如下:
public class ExactAnnotationTypePattern extends AnnotationTypePattern { @Override public FuzzyBoolean matches(AnnotatedElement annotated, ResolvedType[] parameterAnnotations) { // ...... } }
我没深入研究,大致意思就是只要这个类或者这个类的祖先们带有这个注解,即匹配成功
@target会走到如下:
public class ThisOrTargetAnnotationPointcut extends NameBindingPointcut { @Override protected FuzzyBoolean matchInternal(Shadow shadow) { if (!couldMatch(shadow)) { return FuzzyBoolean.NO; } ResolvedType toMatchAgainst = (isThis ? shadow.getThisType() : shadow.getTargetType()).resolve(shadow.getIWorld()); annotationTypePattern.resolve(shadow.getIWorld()); if (annotationTypePattern.matchesRuntimeType(toMatchAgainst).alwaysTrue()) { return FuzzyBoolean.YES; } else { // a subtype may match at runtime return FuzzyBoolean.MAYBE; } } } public class AspectJExpressionPointcut extends AbstractExpressionPointcut implements ClassFilter, IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher, BeanFactoryAware { @Override public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) { obtainPointcutExpression(); ShadowMatch shadowMatch = getTargetShadowMatch(method, targetClass); // Special handling for this, target, @this, @target, @annotation // in Spring - we can optimize since we know we have exactly this class, // and there will never be matching subclass at runtime. if (shadowMatch.alwaysMatches()) { return true; } else if (shadowMatch.neverMatches()) { return false; } else { // the maybe case if (hasIntroductions) { return true; } // A match test returned maybe - if there are any subtype sensitive variables // involved in the test (this, target, at_this, at_target, at_annotation) then // we say this is not a match as in Spring there will never be a different // runtime subtype. RuntimeTestWalker walker = getRuntimeTestWalker(shadowMatch); return (!walker.testsSubtypeSensitiveVars() || walker.testTargetInstanceOfResidue(targetClass)); // 这里会返回true } } }
我没深入研究,大致意思是匹配的话就返回YES,否则就返回MAYBE,匹配逻辑是和@within一样的
因此所有不相关的类都会是一个MAYBE的结果,这个结果会让不相关的类最后生成代理类
通知方法中注解参数的值为什么是不一样的
经过调试,最终是在这里获取的:
public final class ReflectionVar extends Var { static final int THIS_VAR = 0; static final int TARGET_VAR = 1; static final int ARGS_VAR = 2; static final int AT_THIS_VAR = 3; static final int AT_TARGET_VAR = 4; static final int AT_ARGS_VAR = 5; static final int AT_WITHIN_VAR = 6; static final int AT_WITHINCODE_VAR = 7; static final int AT_ANNOTATION_VAR = 8; public Object getBindingAtJoinPoint( Object thisObject, Object targetObject, Object[] args, Member subject, Member withinCode, Class withinType) { switch( this.varType) { case THIS_VAR: return thisObject; case TARGET_VAR: return targetObject; case ARGS_VAR: if (this.argsIndex > (args.length - 1)) return null; return args[argsIndex]; case AT_THIS_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), thisObject); } else return null; case AT_TARGET_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), targetObject); } else return null; case AT_ARGS_VAR: if (this.argsIndex > (args.length - 1)) return null; if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), args[argsIndex]); } else return null; case AT_WITHIN_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromClass(getType(), withinType); } else return null; case AT_WITHINCODE_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromMember(getType(), withinCode); } else return null; case AT_ANNOTATION_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromMember(getType(), subject); } else return null; } return null; } }
@within:
case AT_WITHIN_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotationFromClass(getType(), withinType); } else return null;
withinType追踪到如下:
public class PointcutExpressionImpl implements PointcutExpression { private ShadowMatch matchesExecution(Member aMember) { Shadow s = ReflectionShadow.makeExecutionShadow(world, aMember, this.matchContext); ShadowMatchImpl sm = getShadowMatch(s); sm.setSubject(aMember); sm.setWithinCode(null); sm.setWithinType(aMember.getDeclaringClass()); // 这里设置withinType return sm; } } public abstract class AopUtils { public static boolean canApply(Pointcut pc, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) { Assert.notNull(pc, "Pointcut must not be null"); if (!pc.getClassFilter().matches(targetClass)) { return false; } MethodMatcher methodMatcher = pc.getMethodMatcher(); if (methodMatcher == MethodMatcher.TRUE) { // No need to iterate the methods if we're matching any method anyway... return true; } IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher introductionAwareMethodMatcher = null; if (methodMatcher instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) { introductionAwareMethodMatcher = (IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) methodMatcher; } Set<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedHashSet<>(); if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) { classes.add(ClassUtils.getUserClass(targetClass)); } classes.addAll(ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClassAsSet(targetClass)); for (Class<?> clazz : classes) { Method[] methods = ReflectionUtils.getAllDeclaredMethods(clazz); for (Method method : methods) { // 这里获取所有method if (introductionAwareMethodMatcher != null ? introductionAwareMethodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass, hasIntroductions) : methodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass)) { return true; } } } return false; } }
@target:
case AT_TARGET_VAR: if (annotationFinder != null) { return annotationFinder.getAnnotation(getType(), targetObject); } else return null;
targetObject 追踪到如下:
public abstract class AbstractAutoProxyCreator extends ProxyProcessorSupport implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware { protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) { if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) { return bean; } if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) { return bean; } if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) { this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE); return bean; } // Create proxy if we have advice. Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null); if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) { this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE); Object proxy = createProxy( bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean)); // 这里,targetObject就是生成的bean this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass()); return proxy; } this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE); return bean; } public SingletonTargetSource(Object target) { Assert.notNull(target, "Target object must not be null"); this.target = target; } }
想用@within,但又想得到想要的注解
@Order(-1) @Aspect @Component public class MyAspect { @Before("@within(myAnnotation)") public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point, MyAnnotation myAnnotation) { System.out.println(point.getTarget() + " " + point + " " + myAnnotation.value() + " " + point.getTarget().getClass().getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class).value()); } }
很简单,从JoinPoint中得到target,然后从这个类上得到对应的注解即可
此时,父类和子类都加有注解,一起来看看输出结果:
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father@194fad1 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father.hello()) father father
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father@194fad1 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father.hello2()) father father
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Son@14fc5f04 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Son.hello()) son son
cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Son@14fc5f04 execution(void cn.eagleli.spring.aop.demo.Father.hello2()) father son
能力有限,只能先探讨这么多了,不懂的或者有其他见解的,欢迎一起讨论呀~
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