Python实现将字典内容写入json文件

目录

• 1、无序字典
• 2、有序字典
• 3、一键多值字典
• 4、写入json
• 4.1 无缩进
• 4.2 有缩进
• 方法补充

Python中有序字典和无序字典，一键多值字典。

Python将字典内容写入json文件。

1、无序字典

目前了解三种，在Python中直接默认的是无序字典，这种不会按照你插入的顺序排序，即使你对字典排序后，返回的也是一个list变量，而不是字典，倘若你将这个list字典后，又会变回无序字典。

例子如下：

import operator

x = {"label": "haha", "data": 234, "score": 0.3}
sorted_x = sorted(x.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(0))
print x
print type(x)
print sorted_x
print type(sorted_x)
print dict(sorted_x)

2、有序字典

如果我们想保持字典按照我们插入的顺序有序怎么办？可以用OrderedDict来初始化字典。

例子如下：

from collections import OrderedDict

x = OrderedDict()

x["label"] = "haha"
x["data"] = 234
x["score"] = 0.3

print x
print type(x)

3、一键多值字典

如果我们想用一键多值字典怎么办，可以使用defaultdict，例子如下：

from collections import defaultdict

video = defaultdict(list)
video["label"].append("haha")
video["data"].append(234)
video["score"].append(0.3)
video["label"].append("xixi")
video["data"].append(123)
video["score"].append(0.7)

print video
print type(video)

4、写入json

字典内容写入json时，需要用json.dumps将字典转换为字符串，然后再写入。

json也支持格式，通过参数indent可以设置缩进，如果不设置的话，则保存下来会是一行。

例子：

4.1 无缩进

from collections import defaultdict, OrderedDict
import json

video = defaultdict(list)
video["label"].append("haha")
video["data"].append(234)
video["score"].append(0.3)
video["label"].append("xixi")
video["data"].append(123)
video["score"].append(0.7)

test_dict = {
    'version': "1.0",
    'results': video,
    'explain': {
        'used': True,
        'details': "this is for josn test",
  }
}

json_str = json.dumps(test_dict)
with open('test_data.json', 'w') as json_file:
    json_file.write(json_str)

4.2 有缩进

from collections import defaultdict, OrderedDict
import json

video = defaultdict(list)
video["label"].append("haha")
video["data"].append(234)
video["score"].append(0.3)
video["label"].append("xixi")
video["data"].append(123)
video["score"].append(0.7)

test_dict = {
    'version': "1.0",
    'results': video,
    'explain': {
        'used': True,
        'details': "this is for josn test",
  }
}

json_str = json.dumps(test_dict, indent=4)
with open('test_data.json', 'w') as json_file:
    json_file.write(json_str)

方法补充

下面是参考上文代码整理出的另一种实现方法，可以参考一下

"""
将整个数据集分为train和test，相应的也分别分配整个json文件
"""
import os
import random
import json

total_select_path = r"C:\Users\9ling\Desktop\YiLiuWuDataset\train\yuedongguan_select"
total_json_path = r"C:\Users\9ling\Desktop\YiLiuWuDataset\train\yuedongguan.json"
test_path = r"C:\Users\9ling\Desktop\YiLiuWuDataset\test\has_yiliuwu\yuedongguan_test"
test_json_path = r"C:\Users\9ling\Desktop\YiLiuWuDataset\test\has_yiliuwu\yuedongguan_test\yuedongguan_test.json"
train_path = r"C:\Users\9ling\Desktop\YiLiuWuDataset\train\yuedongguan"
train_json_path = r"C:\Users\9ling\Desktop\YiLiuWuDataset\train\yuedongguan\yuedongguan.json"

data = json.load(open(total_json_path))["labels"]
# test_data = json.load(open(test_json_path))["labels"]
all_select_path = os.listdir(total_select_path)
all_file_path = []  # 待分配的图片路径
for item in all_select_path:
    file_path = os.path.join(total_select_path, item)
    all_file_path.append(file_path)
# print(all_file_path)

idx = [i for i in range(len(all_select_path))]
random.shuffle(idx)  # 在idx上改变

def copy_dir(src_path, target_path):  # src_path原文件，target_path目标文件
    if os.path.isdir(src_path) and os.path.isdir(target_path):
        filelist_src = os.listdir(src_path)
        for file in filelist_src:
            path = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(src_path), file)
            if os.path.isdir(path):
                path1 = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(target_path), file)
                if not os.path.exists(path1):
                    os.mkdir(path1)
                copy_dir(path, path1)
            else:
                with open(path, 'rb') as read_stream:
                    contents = read_stream.read()
                    path1 = os.path.join(target_path, file)
                    with open(path1, 'wb') as write_stream:
                        write_stream.write(contents)
        return True

    else:
        return False

test_data_dir = {"labels": []}
for item in idx[:41]:
    with open(all_file_path[item], 'rb') as read_stream:
        contents = read_stream.read()
        path1 = os.path.join(test_path, all_file_path[item].split("\\")[-1])  # 测试集图片的路径
        with open(path1, 'wb') as write_stream:
            write_stream.write(contents)
            for s in data:
                if s["filename"].split("\\")[-1] == all_file_path[item].split("\\")[-1]:
                    test_data_dir["labels"].append(s)
                # print(s)
json_test_str = json.dumps(test_data_dir, indent=4)
with open(test_json_path, 'w') as json_file:
    json_file.write(json_test_str)
print(test_data_dir)
print(len(test_data_dir["labels"]))
print("*"*30)

train_data_dir = {"labels": []}
for item in idx[41:]:
    with open(all_file_path[item], 'rb') as read_stream:
        contents = read_stream.read()
        path2 = os.path.join(train_path, all_file_path[item].split("\\")[-1])
        with open(path2, 'wb') as write_stream:
            write_stream.write(contents)
            for s1 in data:
                if s1["filename"].split("\\")[-1] == all_file_path[item].split("\\")[-1]:
                    train_data_dir["labels"].append(s1)
json_train_str = json.dumps(train_data_dir, indent=4)
with open(train_json_path, 'w') as json_file:
    json_file.write(json_train_str)
print(train_data_dir)
print(len(train_data_dir["labels"]))
# print(s)

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