C语言实现简单学生管理系统

花了一个月的时间，学习了链表，文件，多文件编程，然后就开始写学生管理系统，比较简单的那种，实现了增，添，改，查，多种排序，输入的时候的限定，成绩分析的功能。遇到的问题很多，也尝试解决了，下面写点写学生管理系统的要注意的地方，希望对别人有帮助。

1.一定要先写好主函数的框架，然后再往上面加东西，这样说有点笼统，我把我的主函数在下面，可以借鉴下哈。我的主函数是一个while(1)的无限循环，里面一个switch选择，利用一个菜单函数，让其返回值当成switch选择的值，然后进入不同的功能主函数，其他功能主函数和主函数的套路一样。

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  login(); //这是个的介绍自己的函数
   Sleep(1000);
   //睡眠函数
  while(1)
  {
   switch(menu())
 //主菜单选择函数
   {
    case 1:
     system("CLS");
 //清屏函数
     printf("\t\t________学生成绩添加_______");
     head=luru();
     cr(head);
     int choice;
     scanf("%d",&choice);
     if(choice==0)
      break;
    case 2:
     system("CLS");
     //printf("\t\t_________学生成绩排序和删除___\d");
     paxu();
     int end;
     scanf("%d",&end);
     if(end==0)
      break;
    case 3:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t__________成绩的修改__________");
     xg();
     int a;
     scanf("%d",&a);
     if(a==0)
      break;
    case 4:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________学生信息分析_______");
     fx();
     int b;
     scanf("%d",&b);
     if(b==0)
      break;
    case 5:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________谢谢使用哈_______\n");
     Sleep(1000);
     exit(-1);
     break;
   }
   system("PAUSE");
  }
 return 0;
}

2.输入模块一定要注意输入的格式，我采用的尾插法，每次处理好一个节点后就让用户判定是否继续输入，在格式控制方面，我当用户输入一次，就判定它是否符号规范，如果不规范，就重新输入。最后存入文件中。

3.一定要把函数写的利用率高一点，这样就可以减少代码的重复书写，这个全凭自己的写代码的风格了，我自己在这点也没有做太好，反省中，以前刚开始学c的时候有人说c语言的主体是函数，不太懂，等写完这个，感觉说的真的很对，c语言的函数写好后，在该用的时候直接引用，很方便。

完整代码

主函数

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "student.h"
 #include <string.h>
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  login();
  //struct student *head;
  Sleep(1000);
  while(1)
  {
   switch(menu())
   {
    case 1:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t________学生成绩添加_______");
     head=luru();
     cr(head);
     int choice;
     scanf("%d",&choice);
     if(choice==0)
      break;
    case 2:
     system("CLS");
     //printf("\t\t_________学生成绩排序和删除___\d");
     paxu();
     int end;
     scanf("%d",&end);
     if(end==0)
      break;
    case 3:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t__________成绩的修改__________");
     xg();
     int a;
     scanf("%d",&a);
     if(a==0)
      break;
    case 4:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________学生信息分析_______");
     fx();
     int b;
     scanf("%d",&b);
     if(b==0)
      break;
    case 5:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________谢谢使用哈_______\n");
     Sleep(1000);
     exit(-1);
     break;
   }
   system("PAUSE");
  }
 return 0;
}

函数声明

student.h

#include <stdio.h>
struct student *temp;
struct student *head;
struct student{
 int num;
 char name[6];
 int yw;
 int sx;
 int yy;
 struct student*next;
};
int menu();
void login();
struct student* luru();
void cr(struct student *h);
struct student*cc();
int menu1();
void paxu();
void px1();
void px2();
void px3();
void px4();
void sanch();
void tj();
void xg();
void fx();

函数定义

student.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "student.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int menu()
{
 char n;
 do{
 system("cls");
 printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");
 printf("\t\t\t| *****学生管理系统*****   |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  1.学生成绩录入    |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  2.学生成绩排序和删除   |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  3.成绩的修改    |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  4.学生成绩分析    |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  5.退出程序    |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t---------------------------------------------------\n");
 printf("请选择1-5：");
 n=getch();
 }while(n<'0'||n>'5');
 return(n-48);
}

void login()
{
 printf("\n\n\n\t\t\t 学生信息管理系统\n\n");
 printf("\t\t\t 版本号：0.2\n\n");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\t\t\t 2017年5月10日\n\n");
 printf("\n\n\t\t\t sakurakid\n");
}
struct student *luru()
{

 struct student*rhead ,*r,*t,*stu;
 rhead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 t=rhead;
 rhead->next=NULL;
 char xx;
 int flag=1;
 printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t| 学生管理系统 |\n");
 printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|    |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 输入1添加  |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 输入0退出  |\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
 while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')
 {
 xx=getch();
 }
 if(xx=='1')
 {
 system("CLS");
 do{
  system("CLS");
  stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
  printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
  printf("\t\t| 学生管理系统 |\n");
  printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
  printf("\t\t|    |\n");
  printf("\t\t| 输入1添加  |\n");
  printf("\t\t| 输入0退出  |\n");
  printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
  printf("\t\t学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  }
  printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  if(stu->name[0] > 0)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  }
  printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");
  printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  }
  t->next=stu;
  t=stu;
  xx = getch();
  printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0：");
  while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')
  {
  xx=getch();
  }
 }while(xx=='1');
 t->next=NULL;
 }
 return (rhead);
}

void cr(struct student *h)
{
 struct student *stu;
 FILE*fp;
 if((fp=fopen("学生信息.txt","wt"))==NULL)
 {
 printf("文件出错233，按任意键退出！");
 getch();
 exit(1);
 }
 for(stu=h->next;stu!=NULL;stu=stu->next)
 {
 fprintf(fp,"%d %s %d %d %d\n",stu->num,stu->name,stu->yw,stu->sx,stu->yy);
 }
 fclose(fp);
}

struct student*cc()
{
 struct student*ahead,*r,*stu;
 FILE*f1;
 f1=fopen("学生信息.txt","rt");
 ahead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 ahead->next=NULL;
 r=ahead;
 while(!feof(f1))
 {
 stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 fscanf(f1,"%d %s %d %d %d\n",&stu->num,stu->name,&stu->yw,&stu->sx,&stu->yy);
 r->next=stu;
 r=stu;
 }
 r->next=NULL;
 fclose(f1);
 return ahead;
}

int menu1()
{
 system("CLS");
 char n;
 do{
 system("CLS");
 printf("\t\t__________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|      |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 1.顺序排序 2.按英语排序 3.按语文排序 |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 4.按数学排序 5.删除学生 6.添加学生 |\n");
 printf("\t\t|      |\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________按0退出___________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t请选择0-6：");
 n=getch();
 }while(n<'0'||n>'6');
 return (n-48);
} 

void paxu()
{
 system("CLS");
 char n;
 do{
 switch(menu1())
 {
 case 1:
  px1();
  break;
 case 2:
  system("CLS");
  px2();
  break;
 case 3:
  system("CLS");
  px3();
  break;
 case 4:
  system("CLS");
  px4();
  break;
 case 5:
  system("CLS");
  sanch();
  break;
 case 6:
  system("CLS");
  tj();
  break;
 }
 printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0：");
 n=getch();
 while(n!='1'&&n!='0')
  {
  n=getch();
  }
 }while(n=='1');
 if(n=='0')
 return;
}

void px1()
{
 struct student *t,*h;
 h=cc();
 printf("\n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=h->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 }
}
void px2()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*head,*t;
 head=cc();
 int tnum;
 char tname[6];
 int tyw;
 int tsx;
 int tyy;
 for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
 for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
  if(p->yy < q->yy)
  {
  tnum=p->num;
  p->num=q->num;
  q->num=tnum;

  strcpy(tname,p->name);
  strcpy(p->name,q->name);
  strcpy(q->name,tname);

  tyw=p->yw;
  p->yw=q->yw;
  q->yw=tyw;

  tsx=p->sx;
  p->sx=q->sx;
  q->sx=tsx;

  tyy=p->yy;
  p->yy=q->yy;
  q->yy=tyy;

  }
 }
 }
 printf("\t\t   英语排序     \n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 }
}
void px3()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*head,*t;
 head=cc();
 int tnum;
 char tname[6];
 int tyw;
 int tsx;
 int tyy;
 for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
 for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
  if(p->yw < q->yw)
  {
  tnum=p->num;
  p->num=q->num;
  q->num=tnum;

  strcpy(tname,p->name);
  strcpy(p->name,q->name);
  strcpy(q->name,tname);

  tyw=p->yw;
  p->yw=q->yw;
  q->yw=tyw;

  tsx=p->sx;
  p->sx=q->sx;
  q->sx=tsx;

  tyy=p->yy;
  p->yy=q->yy;
  q->yy=tyy;
  }
 }
 }
 printf("\t\t   语文排序     \n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 }
}
void px4()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*head,*t;
 head=cc();
 int tnum;
 char tname[6];
 int tyw;
 int tsx;
 int tyy;
 for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
 for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
  if(p->sx < q->sx)
  {
  tnum=p->num;
  p->num=q->num;
  q->num=tnum;

  strcpy(tname,p->name);
  strcpy(p->name,q->name);
  strcpy(q->name,tname);

  tyw=p->yw;
  p->yw=q->yw;
  q->yw=tyw;

  tsx=p->sx;
  p->sx=q->sx;
  q->sx=tsx;

  tyy=p->yy;
  p->yy=q->yy;
  q->yy=tyy;
  }
 }
 }
 printf("\t\t   数学排序     \n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 }
}
void sanch()
{
 px1();
 struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;
 phead=cc();
 int n;
 int flag=0;
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________删除学生信息_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t请输入要删除的学生学号：");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 p=phead;
 for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next)
 {
 if(m->num==n)
 {
  printf("\t\t已经查到改学生的信息\n");
  flag=0;
  break;
 }
 else
  flag=1;
 }
 if(flag==1)
 printf("\t\t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息\n");
 if(flag==0)
 {
 if(phead->num==n)
 {
  phead=phead->next;
 }
 else
 {
 while(p->num!=n && p->next!=NULL)
 {
  t=p;
  p=p->next;
 }
 if(p->num==n)
 {
  t->next=p->next;
 }
 }
 printf("\t\t该学生信息已删除\n");
 }
 cr(phead);
}
void tj()
{
 struct student *phead,*stu;
 phead=cc();
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________添加学生信息_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 printf("\t\t学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  }
  printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  if(stu->name[0] > 0)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  }
  printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");
  printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  }
 stu->next=phead->next;
 phead->next=stu;
 printf("\t\t学生信息已存入\n");
 cr(phead);
}
void xg()
{
 system("CLS");
 char n;
 do{
 system("CLS");
 px1();
 struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;
 int flag=0;
 int timp;
 phead=cc();
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________修改学生信息_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t请输入要修改的学生学号：");
 scanf("%d",&timp);
 p=phead;
 for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next)
 {
 if(m->num==timp)
 {
  printf("\t\t已经查到改学生的信息\n");
  flag=0;
  break;
 }
 else
  flag=1;
 }
 if(flag==1)
 printf("\t\t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息\n");
 if(flag==0)
 {
 printf("\t\t该学生的原信息如下\n");
 printf("\t\t学号：%d\n",m->num);
 printf("\t\t姓名：%s\n",m->name);
 printf("\t\t语文：%d\n",m->yw);
 printf("\t\t数学：%d\n",m->sx);
 printf("\t\t英语：%d\n\n",m->yy);
 printf("\t\t请重新输入该学生的信息\n");
 printf("\t\t学号: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);
  if(m->num > 99999999||m->num < 10000000)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);
  }
  printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);
  if(m->name[0] > 0)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);
  }
  printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);
  printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);
  printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);
  if(m->sx<0||m->sx>100||m->yw<0||m->yw>100||m->yy<0||m->yy>100)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");
  printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);
  printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);
  printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);
  }
  printf("\t\t该学生信息已修改\n");
  cr(phead);
 }
 printf("继续修改请按1，退出请按0：");
 n=getch();
 while(n!='1'&&n!='0')
 {
 n=getch();
 }
 }while(n=='1');
 if(n=='0')
 return;
}
void fx()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;
 int flag=0;
 int jyw=0;
 int jsx=0;
 int jyy=0;
 int timp;
 int n=0;
 phead=cc();
 p=phead;
 for(t=p->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 n++;
 if(t->sx>=60)
  jsx++;
 if(t->yw>=60)
  jyw++;
 if(t->yy>=60)
  jyy++;
 }
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________学生成绩分析_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t一共录入了%d个学生成绩\n",n);
 printf("\t\t语文及格人数为%d\n",jyw);
 printf("\t\t数学及格人数为%d\n",jsx);
 printf("\t\t英语及格人数为%d\n",jyy);
 printf("\t\t分析完毕\n");
 printf("退出请按0：");
}

总结

以上就是我要说的了哈，忙了一个月，学的东西也都用上了，只要链表，文件会的话，写个简单的学生管理系统很简单的，希望对大家有帮助，自己也要学新东西了，如果有问题的话，欢迎支持大家指出，其实还有很多功能自己没写，比如多端登陆，图形界面等等，跟别人的差距蛮大的。

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以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持我们。