Java实现微信网页授权的示例代码

开发前的准备：

1、需要有一个公众号（我这里用的测试号），拿到AppID和AppSecret；

2、进入公众号开发者中心页配置授权回调域名。具体位置：接口权限-网页服务-网页账号-网页授权获取用户基本信息-修改

注意，这里仅需填写全域名（如www.qq.com、www.baidu.com），勿加 http:// 等协议头及具体的地址字段；

　我们可以通过使用Ngrok来虚拟一个域名映射到本地开发环境，网址https://www.ngrok.cc/，大家自己去下载学习怎么使用

同时还需要扫一下这个二维码

授权步骤：

1、引导用户进入授权页面同意授权，获取code

2、通过code换取网页授权access_token（与基础支持中的access_token不同）

3、通过网页授权access_token和openid获取用户基本信息

先看一下我的项目结构：

web.xml相关代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
 <display-name>WxAuth</display-name>
 <welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>

 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>wxCallBack</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>com.xingshang.servlet.CallBackSerclet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>dbUrl</param-name>
     <param-value>jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/wxauth</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>driverClassName</param-name>
     <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>userName</param-name>
     <param-value>root</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>passWord</param-name>
     <param-value>123456</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>wxCallBack</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/wxCallBack</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

AuthUtil工具类：

package com.xingshang.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

public class AuthUtil {

  public static final String APPID = "wx45c1428e5584fcdb";
  public static final String APPSECRET = "98174450eb706ada330f37e646be85d5";

  public static JSONObject doGetJson(String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
    JSONObject jsonObject = null;
    //首先初始化HttpClient对象
    DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    //通过get方式进行提交
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    //通过HTTPclient的execute方法进行发送请求
    HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);
    //从response里面拿自己想要的结果
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    if(entity != null){
      String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
      jsonObject = jsonObject.fromObject(result);
    }
    //把链接释放掉
    httpGet.releaseConnection();
    return jsonObject;
  }
}

Java实现：

1、引导用户进入授权页面同意授权，获取code

这一步其实就是将需要授权的页面url拼接到微信的认证请求接口里面，比如需要用户在访问页面 时进行授权认证

其中的scope参数有两个值：

snsapi_base：只能获取到用户openid。好处是静默认证，无需用户手动点击认证按钮，感觉上像是直接进入网站一样。

snsapi_userinfo：可以获取到openid、昵称、头像、所在地等信息。需要用户手动点击认证按钮。

相关代码

package com.xingshang.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.xingshang.util.AuthUtil;

/**
 * 入口地址
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@WebServlet("/wxLogin")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

  /**
   *
   */
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    //第一步：引导用户进入授权页面同意授权，获取code

    //回调地址
//    String backUrl = "http://suliu.free.ngrok.cc/WxAuth/callBack";  //第1种情况使用
    String backUrl = "http://suliu.free.ngrok.cc/WxAuth/wxCallBack";//第2种情况使用，这里是web.xml中的路径

    //授权页面地址
    String url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid="+AuthUtil.APPID
        + "&redirect_uri="+URLEncoder.encode(backUrl)
        + "&response_type=code"
        + "&scope=snsapi_userinfo"
        + "&state=STATE#wechat_redirect";

    //重定向到授权页面
    response.sendRedirect(url);
  }
}

2、通过第一步获取的code换取网页授权access_token（与基础支持中的access_token不同）

这一步需要在控制器中获取微信回传给我们的code，通过这个code来请求access_token，通过access_token和openid获取用户基本信息:

相关代码:

package com.xingshang.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.xingshang.util.AuthUtil;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * 回调地址
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
//@WebServlet("/callBack")
public class CallBackSerclet extends HttpServlet {

  /**
   *
   */
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  private String dbUrl;
  private String driverClassName;
  private String userName;
  private String passWord;

  private Connection conn =null;
  private PreparedStatement ps =null;
  private ResultSet rs = null;

  //初始化数据库
  @Override
  public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {

    //加载驱动
    try {
      this.dbUrl = config.getInitParameter("dbUrl");
      this.driverClassName = config.getInitParameter("driverClassName");
      this.userName = config.getInitParameter("userName");
      this.passWord = config.getInitParameter("passWord");
      Class.forName(driverClassName);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    //第二步：通过code换取网页授权access_token

    //从request里面获取code参数(当微信服务器访问回调地址的时候，会把code参数传递过来)
    String code = request.getParameter("code");

    System.out.println("code:"+code);

    //获取code后，请求以下链接获取access_token
    String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=" + AuthUtil.APPID
        + "&secret=" + AuthUtil.APPSECRET
        + "&code=" + code
        + "&grant_type=authorization_code";

    //通过网络请求方法来请求上面这个接口
    JSONObject jsonObject = AuthUtil.doGetJson(url);

    System.out.println("==========================jsonObject"+jsonObject);

    //从返回的JSON数据中取出access_token和openid，拉取用户信息时用
    String token = jsonObject.getString("access_token");
    String openid = jsonObject.getString("openid");

    // 第三步：刷新access_token（如果需要）

    // 第四步：拉取用户信息(需scope为 snsapi_userinfo)
    String infoUrl ="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=" + token
        + "&openid=" + openid
        + "&lang=zh_CN";
    //通过网络请求方法来请求上面这个接口
    JSONObject userInfo = AuthUtil.doGetJson(infoUrl);

    System.out.println(userInfo);

    //第1种情况：使用微信用户信息直接登录，无需注册和绑定
//    request.setAttribute("info", userInfo);
    //直接跳转
//    request.getRequestDispatcher("/index1.jsp").forward(request, response);

    //第2种情况： 将微信与当前系统的账号进行绑定(需将第1种情况和@WebServlet("/callBack")注释掉)
    //第一步，根据当前openid查询数据库，看是否该账号已经进行绑定
    try {
      String nickname = getNickName(openid);
      if(!"".equals(nickname)){
        //已绑定
        request.setAttribute("nickname", nickname);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/index2.jsp").forward(request, response);
      }else{
        //未绑定
        request.setAttribute("openid", openid);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

  }

  //数据库的查询
  public String getNickName(String openid) throws SQLException{
    String nickName = "";
    //创建数据库链接
    conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, userName, passWord);
    String sql = "select nickname from user where openid = ?";
    ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
    ps.setString(1, openid);
    rs = ps.executeQuery();
    while (rs.next()) {
      nickName = rs.getString("nickname");
    }

    //关闭链接
    rs.close();
    ps.close();
    conn.close();

    return nickName;
  }

  //数据库的修改(openid的綁定)
  public int updateUser(String account,String password,String openid) throws SQLException{

    //创建数据库链接
    conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, userName, passWord);
    String sql = "update user set openid = ? where account = ? and password = ?";
    ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
    ps.setString(1, openid);
    ps.setString(2, account);
    ps.setString(3, password);
    int temp = ps.executeUpdate();

    //关闭链接
    rs.close();
    ps.close();
    conn.close();

    return temp;
  }

  //post方法，用来接受登录请求
  @Override
  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    String account = request.getParameter("account");
    String password = request.getParameter("password");
    String openid = request.getParameter("openid");

    try {
      int temp = updateUser(account, password, openid); 

      if(temp > 0){
        String nickname = getNickName(openid);
        request.setAttribute("nickname", nickname);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/index2.jsp").forward(request, response);
        System.out.println("账号绑定成功");
      }else{
        System.out.println("账号绑定失败");
      }

    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

  }

}

login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/WxAuth/wxCallBack" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="account" />
    <input type="password" name="password" />
    <input type="hidden" name="openid" value="${openid }" />
    <input type="submit" value="提交并绑定" />
  </form>
</body>
</html>

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body style="font-size: 40px; text-align: center;">
  <a href="/WxAuth/wxLogin" rel="external nofollow" >微信公众授权登录</a>
</body>
</html>

index1.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div>登陆成功！</div>
  <div>用户昵称:${info.nickname}</div>
  <div>用户头像:<img style="text-align: top;" width="100" src="${info.headimgurl }"></div>
</body>
</html>

index2.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div>登陆成功！</div>
  <div>用户昵称:${nickname}</div>
</body>
</html>

最后附上需要的jar包

到此，微信授权登录成功，如果有运行问题请自行调试，我这边能正常运行的

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