react 国际化的实现代码示例

背景

楼主最近新接了一个项目，从0开始做，需要做多语言的国际化，今天搞了一下，基本达到了想要的效果， 在这里简单分享下：

一些探索

也说不上是探索吧，就Google了一波， 去gayHub 上找了一个比较成熟的库 react-i18next， 写了一些代码，现将过程分享一下， 附带详细代码，手把手教你实现国际化。

先睹为快

先看一下最后的成果：

 // ...
import i18n from '@src/i18n';

// xxx component

 console.log('哈哈哈哈哈i18n来一发:', i18n.t('INVALID_ORDER'));

// ...
render() {
 // ...
 <button> {i18n.t('INVALID_ORDER')} <button>
}

控制台中：

对应json 中的信息：

开始

原理

原理其实很简单： 字符串替换。

拉取远程的国际化json文件到本地，再根据语言做一个映射就可以了。

废话不多说， 来看代码吧。

先简单看一下目录结构：

先看一下 config 里面的 相关代码：

env.js:

'use strict';

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const paths = require('./paths');
const languages = require('./languages');

// Make sure that including paths.js after env.js will read .env variables.
delete require.cache[require.resolve('./paths')];

const NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV;
if (!NODE_ENV) {
 throw new Error(
  'The NODE_ENV environment variable is required but was not specified.'
 );
}

// https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv#what-other-env-files-can-i-use
var dotenvFiles = [
 `${paths.dotenv}.${NODE_ENV}.local`,
 `${paths.dotenv}.${NODE_ENV}`,
 // Don't include `.env.local` for `test` environment
 // since normally you expect tests to produce the same
 // results for everyone
 NODE_ENV !== 'test' && `${paths.dotenv}.local`,
 paths.dotenv,
].filter(Boolean);

// Load environment variables from .env* files. Suppress warnings using silent
// if this file is missing. dotenv will never modify any environment variables
// that have already been set. Variable expansion is supported in .env files.
// https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv
// https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv-expand
dotenvFiles.forEach(dotenvFile => {
 if (fs.existsSync(dotenvFile)) {
  require('dotenv-expand')(
   require('dotenv').config({
    path: dotenvFile,
   })
  );
 }
});

// We support resolving modules according to `NODE_PATH`.
// This lets you use absolute paths in imports inside large monorepos:
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/253.
// It works similar to `NODE_PATH` in Node itself:
// https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules_loading_from_the_global_folders
// Note that unlike in Node, only *relative* paths from `NODE_PATH` are honored.
// Otherwise, we risk importing Node.js core modules into an app instead of Webpack shims.
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/1023#issuecomment-265344421
// We also resolve them to make sure all tools using them work consistently.
const appDirectory = fs.realpathSync(process.cwd());
process.env.NODE_PATH = (process.env.NODE_PATH || '')
 .split(path.delimiter)
 .filter(folder => folder && !path.isAbsolute(folder))
 .map(folder => path.resolve(appDirectory, folder))
 .join(path.delimiter);

// Grab NODE_ENV and REACT_APP_* environment variables and prepare them to be
// injected into the application via DefinePlugin in Webpack configuration.
const REACT_APP = /^REACT_APP_/i;

function getClientEnvironment(publicUrl) {
 const raw = Object.keys(process.env)
  .filter(key => REACT_APP.test(key))
  .reduce(
   (env, key) => {
    env[key] = process.env[key];
    return env;
   },
   {
    // Useful for determining whether we're running in production mode.
    // Most importantly, it switches React into the correct mode.
    NODE_ENV: process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development',
    // Useful for resolving the correct path to static assets in `public`.
    // For example, <img src={process.env.PUBLIC_URL + '/img/logo.png'} />.
    // This should only be used as an escape hatch. Normally you would put
    // images into the `src` and `import` them in code to get their paths.
    PUBLIC_URL: publicUrl,
    LANGUAGE: {
     resources: languages.resources,
     defaultLng: languages.defaultLng
    },
    COUNTRY: process.env.COUNTRY
   }
  );
 // Stringify all values so we can feed into Webpack DefinePlugin
 const stringified = {
  'process.env': Object.keys(raw).reduce((env, key) => {
   env[key] = JSON.stringify(raw[key]);
   return env;
  }, {}),
 };

 return { raw, stringified };
}

module.exports = getClientEnvironment;

主要看lannguage 相关的代码就好了， 其他的都create-react-app 的相关配置， 不用管。

再看下 language.js 里面的逻辑：

const path = require('path');
const paths = require('./paths');
const localesHash = require('../i18n/localesHash');
const resourcesHash = require('../i18n/resourcesHash');

const COUNTRY = process.env.COUNTRY || 'sg';
const country = (COUNTRY).toUpperCase();
const defaultLng = localesHash[country][0];

const langs = [
 'en',
 'id'
];

const prefixLangs = [];
const entries = {};

for (let i = 0, len = langs.length; i < len; i++) {
 const prefixLang = `dict_${langs[i]}`
 prefixLangs.push(prefixLang)
 entries[prefixLang] = path.resolve(paths.appSrc, `../i18n/locales/${langs[i]}.json`)
}

const resources = {
 [defaultLng]: {
  common: resourcesHash[defaultLng]
 }
}

exports.resources = resources;
exports.defaultLng = defaultLng;

逻辑也比较简单， 根据语言列表把对应的json 内容加进来。 作为示例，这里我设置的是 英文 和 印尼语。

下面看 i18n 文件里面的内容：

locales 里面放的是语言的json 文件， 内容大概是：

{
  "msg_Created": "Pesanan telah terbuat"
  // ...
}

localesHash.js:

module.exports = {
 SG: ['en'],
 ID: ['id']
}

resourcesHash.js:

module.exports = {
 'en': require('./locales/en.json'),
 'id': require('./locales/id.json')
}

index.js

const path = require('path')
const fs = require('fs')
const fetch = require('isomorphic-fetch')
const localesHash = require('./localesHash')

const argv = process.argv.slice(2)
const country = (argv[0] || '').toUpperCase()

const i18nServerURI = locale => {
 const keywords = {
  'en': 'en',
  'id': 'id'
 }
 const keyword = keywords[locale]
 return keyword === 'en'
  ? 'xxx/json/download'
  : `/${keyword}/json/download`
}

const fetchKeys = async (locale) => {
 const uri = i18nServerURI(locale)
 console.log(`Downloading ${locale} keys...\n${uri}`)
 const respones = await fetch(uri)
 const keys = await respones.json()
 return keys
}

const access = async (filepath) => {
 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  fs.access(filepath, (err) => {
   if (err) {
    if (err.code === 'EXIST') {
     resolve(true)
    }
    resolve(false)
   }
   resolve(true)
  })
 })
}

const run = async () => {
 const locales = localesHash[country] || Object
  .values(localesHash)
  .reduce(
   (previous, current) =>
    previous.concat(current), []
  )
 if (locales === undefined) {
  console.error('This country is not in service.')
  return
 }
 for (const locale of locales) {
  const keys = await fetchKeys(locale)
  const data = JSON.stringify(keys, null, 2)
  const directoryPath = path.resolve(__dirname, 'locales')
  if (!fs.existsSync(directoryPath)) {
   fs.mkdirSync(directoryPath)
  }
  const filepath = path.resolve(__dirname, `locales/${locale}.json`)
  const isExist = await access(filepath)
  const operation = isExist ? 'update' : 'create'
  console.log(operation)
  fs.writeFileSync(filepath, `${data}\n`)
  console.log(`${operation}\t${filepath}`)
 }
}

run();

再看下src 中的配置：

i18nn.js

import i18next from 'i18next'
import { firstLetterUpper } from './common/helpers/util';
const env = process.env;
let LANGUAGE = process.env.LANGUAGE;
LANGUAGE = typeof LANGUAGE === 'string' ? JSON.parse(LANGUAGE) : LANGUAGE

const { defaultLng, resources } = LANGUAGE

i18next
 .init({
  lng: defaultLng,
  fallbackLng: defaultLng,
  defaultNS: 'common',
  keySeparator: false,
  debug: env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
  resources,
  interpolation: {
   escapeValue: false
  },
  react: {
   wait: false,
   bindI18n: 'languageChanged loaded',
   bindStore: 'added removed',
   nsMode: 'default'
  }
 })

function isMatch(str, substr) {
 return str.indexOf(substr) > -1 || str.toLowerCase().indexOf(substr) > -1
}

export const changeLanguage = (locale) => {
 i18next.changeLanguage(locale)
}

// Uppercase the first letter of every word. abcd => Abcd or abcd efg => Abcd Efg
export const tUpper = (str, allWords = true) => {
 return firstLetterUpper(i18next.t(str), allWords)
}

// Uppercase all letters. abcd => ABCD
export const tUpperCase = (str) => {
 return i18next.t(str).toUpperCase()
}

export const loadResource = lng => {
 let p;

 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  if (isMatch(defaultLng, lng)) resolve()

  switch (lng) {
   case 'id':
    p = import('../i18n/locales/id.json')
    break
   default:
    p = import('../i18n/locales/en.json')
  }

  p.then(data => {
   i18next.addResourceBundle(lng, 'common', data)
   changeLanguage(lng)
  })
   .then(resolve)
   .catch(reject)
 })
}

export default i18next

 // firstLetterUpper

export const firstLetterUpper = (str, allWords = true) => {
 let tmp = str.replace(/^(.)/g, $1 => $1.toUpperCase())
 if (allWords) {
  tmp = tmp.replace(/\s(.)/g, $1 => $1.toUpperCase())
 }
 return tmp;
}

这些准备工作做好后, 还需要把i18n 注入到app中：

index.js:

import React from 'react';
import { render } from 'react-dom';
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import rootReducer from './common/redux/reducers';
import { configureStore } from './common/redux/store';
import { Router } from 'react-router-dom';
import createBrowserHistory from 'history/createBrowserHistory';
import { I18nextProvider } from 'react-i18next';
import i18n from './i18n';
import './common/styles/index.less';
import App from './App';
export const history = createBrowserHistory();

const ROOT = document.getElementById('root');

render(
 <I18nextProvider i18n={i18n}>
  <Provider store={configureStore(rootReducer)} >
   <Router history={history}>
    <App />
   </Router>
  </Provider>
 </I18nextProvider>,
 ROOT
);

如何使用

加入上面的代码后， 控制台会有一些log 信息， 表示语言已经加载好了。

在具体的业务组件中，使用方法是：

 // ...
import i18n from '@src/i18n';

console.log('哈哈哈哈哈i18n来一发:', i18n.t('INVALID_ORDER'));

控制台中：

对应json 中的信息：

后面你就可以愉快的加各种词条了。

Tips

我们在src 中的文件中引入了src 目录外的文件， 这是create-react-app 做的限制， 编译会报错， 把它去掉就好了：

结语

这里作为例， 就是把语言的json 文件下载下来放到locales 目录里， 如果想实时拉取，要保证文件下载完之后再render app.

类似：

loadResource(getLocale())
 .then(() => {
  import('./app.js')
 })

当然你也可以免了这一步，直接下载好放到工程里来。

大概就是这样，以上就是实现国际化的全部代码，希望对大家有所帮助。也希望大家多多支持我们。