bootstrap的常用组件和栅格式布局详解

Bootstrap 是最受欢迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架，用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。

因为Bootstrap需要jquery的支持，所以在使用Bootstrap之前要先把jquery插件导入，并且要把bootstrap.js文件放在jquery.js之后改动方可生效。

Bootstrap中有许多好用的组件，只要以规定的class等命名就可以轻松使用这些插件。例如：

导航条：

<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
 <div class="container-fluid">
  <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
  <div class="navbar-header">
   <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
    <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
   </button>
   <a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Brand</a>
  </div>

  <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
   <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
    <li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
    <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
    <li class="dropdown">
     <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
     <ul class="dropdown-menu">
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Action</a></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Another action</a></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Something else here</a></li>
      <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Separated link</a></li>
      <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >One more separated link</a></li>
     </ul>
    </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
    <div class="form-group">
     <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
   </form>
   <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
    <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
    <li class="dropdown">
     <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
     <ul class="dropdown-menu">
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Action</a></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Another action</a></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Something else here</a></li>
      <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
      <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Separated link</a></li>
     </ul>
    </li>
   </ul>
  </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
 </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>

以上述的格式写出需要的代码就可以获得以下样式的导航条：

注：在上述代码中form表单即serch和submit部位，带有class="dropdown"的就是下拉菜单的区域，class="dropdown-menu"的就是下拉菜单的内容区，这些部分并非主要内容，可以删除。通过class="navbar-right/left/"可以设置该部位的导航条在总区域的左侧还是右侧。

栅格系统：

栅格系统是bootstrap中最为重要的部分，它通过

<div class="row">
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
 <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
 <div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
 <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
 <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>

这样的形式来实现网页布局，只要调节class="col-md-6"就可以轻松改变单元格区域的排布，

如图：

注：

如上表：由于bootstrap是移动优先的，所以在判定时先从小屏开始，如col-xs-6指的是从width=768开始直到最大都是占6个单位的空间。

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