c#获取相同概率随机数的算法代码

这几天在做公司年会的一个抽奖软件，开始做的的时候，认为算法是很简单的，把员工的数据放进list里，把list的标号作为需要获取的随机数，根据得到的随机数就确定是谁中奖。后来测试发现，随机数的分布是非常不均匀的。后来才知道，原来计算机获取的随机数都是伪随机数，当抽奖的速度非常快的时候，获取的随机数是非常不均匀的，所以在每次抽奖的时候要添加延时。后来重新设计算法，最终实现了。

算法原理跟二分查找的过程有点像。一枚硬币抽中正、反面的概率是一样，当抽样的次数无限增多，抽中的概率是50%。

代码如下：

代码如下:

public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        string s;
        int number;
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        public int getRandom()
        {
            //string[] arr = new string[5] { "我们", "是", "一", "个","团队" };

Random r = new Random();
            int num = 2;
            int choose = r.Next(num);
            return choose;
            //MessageBox.Show(arr[choose].ToString());
        }
        public string GRandom(int n)
        {
            //if()
            if (n == 0)
            {
                //s = getRandom() + s;
                //System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
                return s;
            }
            if (n % 2 == 0)
            {
                n = n / 2;

}
            else
            {
                n = (n - 1) / 2;
                //s = getRandom() + s;
            }
            s = getRandom() + s;
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);
            GRandom(n);
            //System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
            return s;
        }
        public Int32 Estimate(int n)
        {
            string num = GRandom(n);
            number = Convert.ToInt32(num, 2);
            if (number > n - 1)
            {
                //num = "";
                s = "";
                Estimate(n);
            }
            //else
            return number;
        }
        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                label1.Content += Estimate(200) + ";";
                s = "";
            }
        }
    }

以上算法不是非常好，取消延时，将random对象设置为全局变量。修改版代码如下：


代码如下:

string s;
        int number;
        Random r = new Random();

public int getRandom()
        {
            //string[] arr = new string[5] { "我们", "是", "一", "个","团队" };

//Random r = new Random();
            int num = 2;
            int choose = r.Next(num);
            return choose;
            //MessageBox.Show(arr[choose].ToString());
        }
        public string GRandom(int n)
        {
            //if()
            if (n == 0)
            {
                //s = getRandom() + s;
                //System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
                return s;
            }
            if (n % 2 == 0)
            {
                n = n / 2;

}
            else
            {
                n = (n - 1) / 2;
                //s = getRandom() + s;
            }
            s = getRandom() + s;
            GRandom(n);

return s;
        }
        public Int32 Estimate(int n)
        {
            string num = GRandom(n);
            number = Convert.ToInt32(num, 2);
            if (number > n - 1)
            {
                //num = "";
                s = "";
                Estimate(n);
            }
            //else
            return number;
        }
        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
            {
                label1.Content = Estimate(200);
                s = "";
            }

//以下为测试
            //int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0, f = 0;
            //for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
            //{
            //    //label1.Content = Estimate(2);
            //    int content = Estimate(5);
            //    s = "";

//    switch (content)
            //    {
            //        case 0:
            //            a ++;
            //            break;
            //        case 1:
            //            b ++;
            //            break;
            //        case 2:
            //            c ++;
            //            break;
            //        case 3:
            //            d ++;
            //            break;
            //        case 4:
            //            f ++;
            //            break;

//    }
            //    label1.Content = a;
            //    label2.Content = b;
            //    label3.Content = c;
            //    label4.Content = d;
            //    label5.Content = f;
            //}
        }
    }
}