python异步实现定时任务和周期任务的方法

一. 如何调用

def f1(arg1, arg2):
  print('f1', arg1, arg2)

def f2(arg1):
  print('f2', arg1)

def f3():
  print('f3')

def f4():
  print('周期任务', int(time.time()))

timer = TaskTimer()
# 把任务加入任务队列
timer.join_task(f1, [1, 2], timing=15.5) # 每天15:30执行
timer.join_task(f2, [3], timing=14) # 每天14:00执行
timer.join_task(f3, [], timing=15) # 每天15:00执行
timer.join_task(f4, [], interval=10) # 每10秒执行1次
# 开始执行（此时才会创建线程）
timer.start()

f1~f4是我们需要定时执行的函数。

首先创建TaskTimer对象（TaskTimer的代码在下面）。调用join_task函数，把需要执行的函数加入到任务队列。最后调用start，任务就开始执行了。

join_task参数：

fun:需要执行的函数

arg:fun的参数，如果没有就传一个空列表

interval:如果有此参数，说明任务是周期任务，单位为秒（注意interval最少5秒）

timing:如果有此参数，说明任务是定时任务，单位为时

注意：interval和timing只能选填1个

二. 源码

import datetime
import time
from threading import Thread
from time import sleep

class TaskTimer:
  __instance = None

  def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    单例模式
    """
    if not cls.__instance:
      cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)
    return cls.__instance

  def __init__(self):
    if not hasattr(self, 'task_queue'):
      setattr(self, 'task_queue', [])

    if not hasattr(self, 'is_running'):
      setattr(self, 'is_running', False)

  def write_log(self, level, msg):
    cur_time = datetime.datetime.now()
    with open('./task.log', mode='a+', encoding='utf8') as file:
      s = "[" + str(cur_time) + "][" + level + "]  " + msg
      print(s)
      file.write(s + "\n")

  def work(self):

    """
    处理任务队列
    """
    while True:
      for task in self.task_queue:
        if task['interval']:
          self.cycle_task(task)
        elif task['timing']:
          self.timing_task(task)

      sleep(5)

  def cycle_task(self, task):
    """
    周期任务
    """
    if task['next_sec'] <= int(time.time()):
      try:
        task['fun'](*task['arg'])
        self.write_log("正常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")
      except Exception as e:
        self.write_log("异常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))
      finally:
        task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + task['interval']

  def timing_task(self, task):
    """
    定时任务
    """
    # 今天已过秒数
    today_sec = self.get_today_until_now()

    # 到了第二天，就重置任务状态
    if task['today'] != self.get_today():
      task['today'] = self.get_today()
      task['today_done'] = False

    # 第一次执行
    if task['first_work']:
      if today_sec >= task['task_sec']:
        task['today_done'] = True
        task['first_work'] = False
      else:
        task['first_work'] = False

    # 今天还没有执行
    if not task['today_done']:
      if today_sec >= task['task_sec']: # 到点了，开始执行任务
        try:
          task['fun'](*task['arg'])
          self.write_log("正常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")
        except Exception as e:
          self.write_log("异常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))
        finally:
          task['today_done'] = True
          if task['first_work']:
            task['first_work'] = False

  def get_today_until_now(self):
    """
    获取今天凌晨到现在的秒数
    """
    i = datetime.datetime.now()
    return i.hour * 3600 + i.minute * 60 + i.second

  def get_today(self):
    """
    获取今天的日期
    """
    i = datetime.datetime.now()
    return i.day

  def join_task(self, fun, arg, interval=None, timing=None):
    """
    interval和timing只能存在1个
    :param fun: 你要调用的任务
    :param arg: fun的参数
    :param interval: 周期任务，单位秒
    :param timing: 定时任务，取值：[0,24)
    """
    # 参数校验
    if (interval != None and timing != None) or (interval == None and timing == None):
      raise Exception('interval和timing只能选填1个')

    if timing and not 0 <= timing < 24:
      raise Exception('timing的取值范围为[0,24)')

    if interval and interval < 5:
      raise Exception('interval最少为5')

    # 封装一个task
    task = {
      'fun': fun,
      'arg': arg,
      'interval': interval,
      'timing': timing,
    }
    # 封装周期或定时任务相应的参数
    if timing:
      task['task_sec'] = timing * 3600
      task['today_done'] = False
      task['first_work'] = True
      task['today'] = self.get_today()
    elif interval:
      task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + interval

    # 把task加入任务队列
    self.task_queue.append(task)

    self.write_log("正常", "新增任务：" + fun.__name__)

  def start(self):
    """
    开始执行任务
    返回线程标识符
    """
    if not self.is_running:
      thread = Thread(target=self.work)

      thread.start()

      self.is_running = True

      self.write_log("正常", "TaskTimer已开始运行！")

      return thread.ident

    self.write_log("警告", "TaskTimer已运行，请勿重复启动！")

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