django基于restframework的CBV封装详解

一.models数据库映射

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
  title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  price=models.IntegerField()
  pub_date=models.DateField()
  publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish")
  authors=models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")
  def __str__(self):
    return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
  name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  email=models.EmailField()
  def __str__(self):
    return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
  name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  age=models.IntegerField()
  def __str__(self):
    return self.name

二.serializers序列化

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework import exceptions
class BookSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  class Meta:
    model = models.Book
    fields = "__all__"
  publish = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
  authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
  def get_publish(self, obj):
    return {"publish_id": obj.publish.pk, "publish_name": obj.publish.name}
  def get_authors(self, obj):
    author_list = obj.authors.all()
    lis = [{"name": author.name, "age": author.age} for author in author_list]
    return lis
  def validate_title(self, value):
    if value.startswith("sb"):
      raise exceptions.ValidationError('你使用了不合适的文字')
    return value

三.url路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()),
]

四.Views视图类

主要就是将CBV的几个get,post请求方法进行封装,以后创建其他的新的CBV,直接继承调用就可以了,可以减少代码冗余

from app01 import models
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.serialize_module import BookSerialize

# 自定义一个response类,方便CBV使用
class MyResponse():
  def __init__(self):
    self.status = 100
    self.msg = None
  # 将类方法装饰成属性
  @property
  def get_dic(self):
    return self.__dict__
# 封装CBV类
# 将get请求封装在List类中
class List():
  def get_list(self, request,*args,**kwargs):
    response = MyResponse()
    try:
      handler_list = self.model.objects.all()
      handler_ser = self.serializer(instance=handler_list, many=True)
      response.handler = handler_ser.data
      response.msg = "获取成功"
    except Exception as e:
      response.msg="获取失败"
      response.error=str(e)
    return Response(response.get_dic)
# 将post请求封装在Create类中
class Create():
  def save(self, request,*args,**kwargs):
    response = MyResponse()
    try:
      handler_ser = self.serializer(data=request.data)
      if handler_ser.is_valid():
        handler_ser.save()
        response.msg = "添加成功"
      else:
        response.status = 101
        response.msg = "添加失败"
        response.error = handler_ser.errors
    except Exception as e:
      response.msg = "添加失败"
      response.error=str(e)
    return Response(response.get_dic)
# book类继承List,Create,APIView
class Books(List,Create,APIView):
  model=models.Book
  serializer=BookSerialize
  # 此时调用get方法时,只要使用List类中的get_list方法就行了
  def get(self,request):
    return self.get_list(request)
  # 此时调用post方法时,只要使用Create类中的save方法就行了
  def post(self,request):
    return self.save(request)

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