java实现图片文字识别ocr

最近在开发的时候需要识别图片中的一些文字，网上找了相关资料之后，发现google有一个离线的工具，以下为java使用的demo

在此之前，使用这个工具需要在本地安装OCR工具：

下面一个是一定要安装的离线包，建议默认安装

上面一个是中文的语言包，如果网络可以FQ的童鞋可以在安装的时候就选择语言包在线安装，有多种语言可供选择，默认只有英文的

exe安装好之后，把上面一个文件拷到安装目录下tessdata文件夹下

如C:\Program Files (x86)\Tesseract-OCR\tessdata下

然后下面两个是可选包，如果图片不做临时文件处理的话，可以不需要带的

首先是一个临时文件生成用的类以防源文件损坏，参考某位博友的例子@Gunner

package org.ink.image.textrz;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Locale; 

import javax.imageio.IIOImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;
import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadata;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream; 

import com.sun.media.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageWriteParam; 

public class ImageIOHelper {
  private Locale locale=Locale.CHINESE;
  /**
   * user set locale Construct
   * @param locale
   */
  public ImageIOHelper(Locale locale){
    this.locale=locale;
  }

  /**
   * default construct using default locale Locale.CHINESE
   */
  public ImageIOHelper(){

  }
  /**
   * create tempFile of Image in order to prevent damaging original file
   * @param imageFile
   * @param imageFormat like png,jps .etc
   * @return TempFile of Image
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public File createImage(File imageFile, String imageFormat) throws IOException {
    Iterator<ImageReader> readers = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(imageFormat);
    ImageReader reader = readers.next();
    ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);
    reader.setInput(iis);
    IIOMetadata streamMetadata = reader.getStreamMetadata();
    TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(Locale.CHINESE);
    tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);
    Iterator<ImageWriter> writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");
    ImageWriter writer = writers.next();
    BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0);
    IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi,null,reader.getImageMetadata(0));
    File tempFile = tempImageFile(imageFile);
    ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);
    writer.setOutput(ios);
    writer.write(streamMetadata, image, tiffWriteParam);
    ios.close();
    iis.close();
    writer.dispose();
    reader.dispose();
    return tempFile;
  }
  /**
   * add suffix to tempfile
   * @param imageFile
   * @return
   * @throws IOException
   */
  private File tempImageFile(File imageFile) throws IOException {
    String path = imageFile.getPath();
    StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer(path);
    strB.insert(path.lastIndexOf('.'),"_text_recognize_temp");
    String s=strB.toString().replaceFirst("(?<=//.)(//w+)$", "tif");
    Runtime.getRuntime().exec("attrib "+"\""+s+"\""+" +H"); //设置文件隐藏
    return new File(strB.toString());
  }  

}

下面是真正识别的内容：

package org.ink.image.textrz;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.jdesktop.swingx.util.OS;  

/**
 * TEXT Recognize Utils
 * @author ink.Flower
 *
 */
public class OCRUtil {
  private final String LANG_OPTION = "-l"; //英文字母小写l，并非数字1
  private final String EOL = System.getProperty("line.separator");
  private String tessPath = "C://Program Files (x86)//Tesseract-OCR";//ocr默认安装路径
  private String transname="chi_sim";//默认中文语言包，识别中文

  /**
   * Construct method of OCR ,set Tesseract-OCR install path
   * @param tessPath Tesseract-OCR install path
   * @param transFileName traningFile name like eng.traineddata
   */
  public OCRUtil(String tessPath,String transFileName){
    this.tessPath=tessPath;
    this.transname=transFileName;
  }
  /**
   * Construct method of OCR,default path is "C://Program Files (x86)//Tesseract-OCR"
   */
  public OCRUtil(){   }

  public String getTessPath() {
    return tessPath;
  }
  public void setTessPath(String tessPath) {
    this.tessPath = tessPath;
  }
  public String getTransname() {
    return transname;
  }
  public void setTransname(String transname) {
    this.transname = transname;
  }
  public String getLANG_OPTION() {
    return LANG_OPTION;
  }
  public String getEOL() {
    return EOL;
  }

  /**
   * recognize text in image
   * @param imageFile
   * @param imageFormat
   * @return text recognized in image
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public String recognizeText(File imageFile,String imageFormat)throws Exception{
    File tempImage = new ImageIOHelper().createImage(imageFile,imageFormat);
    return ocrImages(tempImage, imageFile);
  }  

  /**
   * recognize text in image
   * @param imageFile
   * @param imageFormat
   * @param locale
   * @return text recognized in image
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public String recognizeText(File imageFile,String imageFormat,Locale locale)throws Exception{
    File tempImage = new ImageIOHelper(locale).createImage(imageFile,imageFormat);
    return ocrImages(tempImage, imageFile);

  }
  /**
   *
   * @param tempImage
   * @param imageFile
   * @return
   * @throws IOException
   * @throws InterruptedException
   */
  private String ocrImages(File tempImage,File imageFile) throws IOException, InterruptedException{
    File outputFile = new File(imageFile.getParentFile(),"output");
    Runtime.getRuntime().exec("attrib "+"\""+outputFile.getAbsolutePath()+"\""+" +H"); //设置文件隐藏
    StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer();
    List<String> cmd = new ArrayList<String>();
    if(OS.isWindowsXP()){
      cmd.add(tessPath+"//tesseract");
    }else if(OS.isLinux()){
      cmd.add("tesseract");
    }else{
      cmd.add(tessPath+"//tesseract");
    }
    cmd.add("");
    cmd.add(outputFile.getName());
    cmd.add(LANG_OPTION);
    cmd.add(transname);
    ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();
    pb.directory(imageFile.getParentFile());
    cmd.set(1, tempImage.getName());
    pb.command(cmd);
    pb.redirectErrorStream(true);
    Process process = pb.start();
    int w = process.waitFor();
    tempImage.delete();//删除临时正在工作文件
    if(w==0){
      BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(outputFile.getAbsolutePath()+".txt"),"UTF-8"));
      String str;
      while((str = in.readLine())!=null){
        strB.append(str).append(EOL);
      }
      in.close();
    }else{
      String msg;
      switch(w){
      case 1:
        msg = "Errors accessing files.There may be spaces in your image's filename.";
        break;
      case 29:
        msg = "Cannot recongnize the image or its selected region.";
        break;
      case 31:
        msg = "Unsupported image format.";
        break;
      default:
        msg = "Errors occurred.";
      }
      tempImage.delete();
      throw new RuntimeException(msg);
    }
    new File(outputFile.getAbsolutePath()+".txt").delete();
    return strB.toString();
  }
}

在实验中发现，如果对有多个文字的大图进行直接识别的话，效果可能比较差，所以可以参考另一篇切图的博文，将图片取一块之后再识别

http://www.jb51.net/article/121231.htm  ←我是链接

这样成功率会提高很多。

以上为离线识别版本，效率因图而已，具体使用的时候可以总结分析，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持我们。