使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试
概述
@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下:
1. 添加Maven依赖
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
2. 编写启动入口类
@SpringBootApplication public class StartUpApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args); } }
3. 编写Controller类
@RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/") public String index() { return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String test() { return "Spring Boot Test Demo!"; } }
4. 编写测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class HelloControllerTest { /** * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替 */ @LocalServerPort private int port; private URL base; @Autowired private TestRestTemplate restTemplate; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port); System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port)); this.base = new URL(url); } /** * 向"/test"地址发送请求,并打印返回结果 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void test1() throws Exception { ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity( this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, ""); System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为:%s", response.getBody())); }
其中,classes属性指定启动类,SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。
总结
我们发现,随着Spring boot 版本的提升,单元测试变得更简单了。
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