利用Python实现学生信息管理系统的完整实例

项目要求：

读完题目，首先我们要确定程序思路

我们要全部通过类去实现

也就是 我们要实现管理员、学生、讲师、课程、教师五个类

管理员类

class Administration(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()
  self.login_data = {}

 def __load(self) -> list:
  try:
   Adm = open('Administration.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Adm)
   Adm_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Adm.close()
   return Adm_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def see_course(self):
  print('当前所有的课程信息为：')
  for i in cou.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def see_student(self):
  print('当前所有的学生信息为：')
  for i in stu.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def see_student_course(self):
  print('当前所有学生的选课信息为:')
  for i in stu.data:
   print(i['姓名'], '的选课信息为：', i['课程'])
  print()

 def set_course(self):
  name = input('请输入你想添加的课程名')
  c = [i['名称'] for i in cou.data]
  if name in c:
   print('你准备添加的课程 已经存在')
  else:
   cou.data.append({'名称': name, '人数': 0})
   print('添加成功!')
   print()

 def set_student(self):
  name = input('请输入你想添加的学生的姓名')
  ID = input('请输入此学生的ID')
  if ID in [i['ID'] for i in stu.data]:
   print('这个ID已经存在，添加失败')
   return
  print('学生账号默认密码123456')
  password = 123456
  stu.data.append({'姓名': name, 'ID': ID, '密码': password, '课程': ''})
  print('添加成功!')
  print()

 def set_teacher(self):
  name = input('请输入你想添加的老师的姓名')
  ID = input('请输入此老师的ID')
  if ID in [i['ID'] for i in tea.data]:
   print('这个ID已经存在，添加失败')
   return
  print('老师账号默认密码123456')
  password = 123456
  tea.data.append({'姓名': name, 'ID': ID, '密码': password, '课程': ''})
  print('添加成功!')
  print()

 def app_teacher_to_class(self):
  t_name = input('请输入你想操作的老师名')
  if t_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in tea.data]:
   print('你想操作的老师不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  c_name = input('请输入你想让该老师任课的班级')
  if c_name not in [i['班名'] for i in cla.data]:
   print('你想让老师任教的班级不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  for i in tea.data:
   if i['姓名'] == t_name:
    i['班级'] = c_name
  for i in cla.data:
   if i['班名'] == c_name:
    i['任课老师'] = t_name
  print('操作成功')

 def set_class(self):
  name = input('请输入你想创建的班级的名称:')
  if name in [i['班名'] for i in cla.data]:
   print('你想创建的班级已经存在，请重新操作')
   return
  if int(input('是否添加任课老师，是输入1，否输入0')):
   t_name = input('请输入你想添加的老师名')
   if t_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in tea.data]:
    print('你想操作的老师不存在，请重新操作')
    return
  else:
   t_name = ''
  s_name_list = []
  while int(input('是否添加学生，是输入1，否输入0')):
   s_name = input('输入你想添加的学生名')
   if s_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in stu.data]:
    print('你想操作的学生不存在，请重新操作')
    return
   else:
    s_name_list.append(s_name)
  s_name = ''
  if s_name_list == []:
   cla.data.append({'班名': name, '任课老师': t_name, '学生': s_name})
   print('操作成功')
  else:
   cla.data.append({'班名': name, '任课老师': t_name,
        '学生': s_name.join(s_name_list)})
   print('操作成功')

 def app_student_to_class(self):
  s_name = input('请输入你想操作的学生名')
  if s_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in stu.data]:
   print('你想操作的学生不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  c_name = input('请输入你想让该学生进入的班级')
  if c_name not in [i['班名'] for i in cla.data]:
   print('你想让学生进入的班级不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  for i in stu.data:
   if i['姓名'] == s_name:
    i['班级'] = c_name
  for i in cla.data:
   if i['班名'] == c_name:
    i['任课老师'] = s_name
  print('操作成功')

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Administration.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
   j.close()
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

学生类

class Student(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()
  self.login_data = {}

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Stu = open('Student.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Stu)
   Stu_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Stu.close()
   return Stu_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def see_course(self):
  print('当前所有的课程信息为：')
  for i in cou.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def choice_course(self):
  # print(self.data)
  c = [i['名称'] for i in cou.data]
  c_name = input('请输入你想选择的课程名：')
  if c_name not in c:
   print('你选择的课程不在课程列表中')
   return
  else:
   self.login_data['课程']: str = self.login_data['课程'] + c_name + ' '
   for i in cou.data:
    if i['名称'] == c_name:
     i['人数'] = int(i['人数']) + 1
  print('操作成功')

 def see_own_course(self):
  if self.login_data['课程'] == '':
   print('你未选择任何课程')
  else:
   print(self.login_data['课程'])

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Student.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

课程类

class Course(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Cou = open('Course.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Cou)
   Cou_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Cou.close()
   return Cou_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Course.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

教室类

class Classroom(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Cla = open('Classroom.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Cla)
   Cla_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Cla.close()
   return Cla_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Classroom.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

教师类

class Teacher(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()
  self.login_data = {}

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Tea = open('Teacher.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Tea)
   Tea_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Tea.close()
   return Tea_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def see_course(self):
  print('当前所有的课程信息为：')
  for i in cou.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def see_class(self):
  print('所教班级为:', self.login_data['班级'])
  print()

 def see_class_student(self):
  print('所教班级中的学生为：')
  for i in cla.data:
   if i['班名'] == self.login_data['班级']:
    print(i['学生'])
  print()

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Teacher.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

完整代码如下：

import csv
import time

class Administration(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()
  self.login_data = {}

 def __load(self) -> list:
  try:
   Adm = open('Administration.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Adm)
   Adm_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Adm.close()
   return Adm_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def see_course(self):
  print('当前所有的课程信息为：')
  for i in cou.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def see_student(self):
  print('当前所有的学生信息为：')
  for i in stu.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def see_student_course(self):
  print('当前所有学生的选课信息为:')
  for i in stu.data:
   print(i['姓名'], '的选课信息为：', i['课程'])
  print()

 def set_course(self):
  name = input('请输入你想添加的课程名')
  c = [i['名称'] for i in cou.data]
  if name in c:
   print('你准备添加的课程 已经存在')
  else:
   cou.data.append({'名称': name, '人数': 0})
   print('添加成功!')
   print()

 def set_student(self):
  name = input('请输入你想添加的学生的姓名')
  ID = input('请输入此学生的ID')
  if ID in [i['ID'] for i in stu.data]:
   print('这个ID已经存在，添加失败')
   return
  print('学生账号默认密码123456')
  password = 123456
  stu.data.append({'姓名': name, 'ID': ID, '密码': password, '课程': ''})
  print('添加成功!')
  print()

 def set_teacher(self):
  name = input('请输入你想添加的老师的姓名')
  ID = input('请输入此老师的ID')
  if ID in [i['ID'] for i in tea.data]:
   print('这个ID已经存在，添加失败')
   return
  print('老师账号默认密码123456')
  password = 123456
  tea.data.append({'姓名': name, 'ID': ID, '密码': password, '课程': ''})
  print('添加成功!')
  print()

 def app_teacher_to_class(self):
  t_name = input('请输入你想操作的老师名')
  if t_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in tea.data]:
   print('你想操作的老师不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  c_name = input('请输入你想让该老师任课的班级')
  if c_name not in [i['班名'] for i in cla.data]:
   print('你想让老师任教的班级不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  for i in tea.data:
   if i['姓名'] == t_name:
    i['班级'] = c_name
  for i in cla.data:
   if i['班名'] == c_name:
    i['任课老师'] = t_name
  print('操作成功')

 def set_class(self):
  name = input('请输入你想创建的班级的名称:')
  if name in [i['班名'] for i in cla.data]:
   print('你想创建的班级已经存在，请重新操作')
   return
  if int(input('是否添加任课老师，是输入1，否输入0')):
   t_name = input('请输入你想添加的老师名')
   if t_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in tea.data]:
    print('你想操作的老师不存在，请重新操作')
    return
  else:
   t_name = ''
  s_name_list = []
  while int(input('是否添加学生，是输入1，否输入0')):
   s_name = input('输入你想添加的学生名')
   if s_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in stu.data]:
    print('你想操作的学生不存在，请重新操作')
    return
   else:
    s_name_list.append(s_name)
  s_name = ''
  if s_name_list == []:
   cla.data.append({'班名': name, '任课老师': t_name, '学生': s_name})
   print('操作成功')
  else:
   cla.data.append({'班名': name, '任课老师': t_name,
        '学生': s_name.join(s_name_list)})
   print('操作成功')

 def app_student_to_class(self):
  s_name = input('请输入你想操作的学生名')
  if s_name not in [i['姓名'] for i in stu.data]:
   print('你想操作的学生不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  c_name = input('请输入你想让该学生进入的班级')
  if c_name not in [i['班名'] for i in cla.data]:
   print('你想让学生进入的班级不存在，请重新操作')
   return
  for i in stu.data:
   if i['姓名'] == s_name:
    i['班级'] = c_name
  for i in cla.data:
   if i['班名'] == c_name:
    i['任课老师'] = s_name
  print('操作成功')

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Administration.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
   j.close()
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

class Student(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()
  self.login_data = {}

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Stu = open('Student.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Stu)
   Stu_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Stu.close()
   return Stu_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def see_course(self):
  print('当前所有的课程信息为：')
  for i in cou.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def choice_course(self):
  # print(self.data)
  c = [i['名称'] for i in cou.data]
  c_name = input('请输入你想选择的课程名：')
  if c_name not in c:
   print('你选择的课程不在课程列表中')
   return
  else:
   self.login_data['课程']: str = self.login_data['课程'] + c_name + ' '
   for i in cou.data:
    if i['名称'] == c_name:
     i['人数'] = int(i['人数']) + 1
  print('操作成功')

 def see_own_course(self):
  if self.login_data['课程'] == '':
   print('你未选择任何课程')
  else:
   print(self.login_data['课程'])

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Student.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

class Course(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Cou = open('Course.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Cou)
   Cou_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Cou.close()
   return Cou_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Course.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

class Classroom(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Cla = open('Classroom.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Cla)
   Cla_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Cla.close()
   return Cla_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Classroom.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

class Teacher(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.data = self.__load()
  self.login_data = {}

 def __load(self):
  try:
   Tea = open('Teacher.csv', 'r')
   readers = csv.DictReader(Tea)
   Tea_dict = [dict(i) for i in readers]
   Tea.close()
   return Tea_dict
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

 def see_course(self):
  print('当前所有的课程信息为：')
  for i in cou.data:
   print(i)
  print()

 def see_class(self):
  print('所教班级为:', self.login_data['班级'])
  print()

 def see_class_student(self):
  print('所教班级中的学生为：')
  for i in cla.data:
   if i['班名'] == self.login_data['班级']:
    print(i['学生'])
  print()

 def save(self):
  try:
   j = open('Teacher.csv', 'w')
   writer = csv.writer(j)
   writer.writerow(list(self.data[0].keys()))
   data = [list(i.values()) for i in self.data]
   writer.writerows(data)
  except Exception:
   print('文件读取失败')

def login(ID, password) -> int:
 # 判断是否为管理员
 for i in adm.data:
  if ID == i['ID'] and password == i['密码']:
   adm.login_data = i
   return 1
 # 判断是否为学生
 for i in stu.data:
  if ID == i['ID'] and password == i['密码']:
   stu.login_data = i
   return 2
 # 判断是否为老师
 for i in tea.data:
  if ID == i['ID'] and password == i['密码']:
   tea.login_data = i
   return 3
 return 0

if __name__ == '__main__':
 print('欢迎来到久的学生选课系统')
 time.sleep(0.5)
 print('正在加载中~')
 adm = Administration()
 stu = Student()
 cou = Course()
 tea = Teacher()
 cla = Classroom()
 time.sleep(0.3)
 print('加载完毕')
 while True:
  ID = input('请输入你的账号：')
  password = input('请输入你的密码：')
  flag = login(ID, password)
  if not flag:
   print('输入的账号或密码错误')
   flag_1 = int(input('是否重新登录 重新登录输入1 取消登录输入0'))
   if flag_1:
    continue
   else:
    break
  elif flag == 1:
   print('欢迎管理员')
   break
  elif flag == 2:
   print('欢迎学生')
   break
  elif flag == 3:
   print('欢迎老师')
   break
 if flag == 1:
  while True:
   check = int(
    input(
     '1.创建课程\n2.创建学生账号\n3.查看所有课程\n4.查看所有学生\n5.查看所有学生的选课信息\n6.创建讲师'
     '\n7.为讲师指定班级\n8.创建班级\n9.为学生指定班级\n10.退出程序'))
   if check == 1:
    adm.set_course()
   elif check == 2:
    adm.set_student()
   elif check == 3:
    adm.see_course()
   elif check == 4:
    adm.see_student()
   elif check == 5:
    adm.see_student_course()
   elif check == 6:
    adm.set_teacher()
   elif check == 7:
    adm.app_teacher_to_class()
   elif check == 8:
    adm.set_class()
   elif check == 9:
    adm.app_student_to_class()
   elif check == 10:
    break
 elif flag == 2:
  while True:
   check = int(input('1.查看所有课程\n2.查看所选课程\n3.选择课程\n4.退出程序'))
   if check == 1:
    stu.see_course()
   elif check == 2:
    stu.see_own_course()
   elif check == 3:
    stu.choice_course()
   elif check == 4:
    break
 elif flag == 3:
  while True:
   check = int(input('1.查看所有课程\n2.查看所教班级\n3.查看班级中的学生\n4.退出程序'))
   if check == 1:
    tea.see_course()
   elif check == 2:
    tea.see_class()
   elif check == 3:
    tea.see_class_student()
   elif check == 4:
    break
 print('数据存储中~')
 adm.save()
 tea.save()
 stu.save()
 cla.save()
 cou.save()
 time.sleep(0.5)
 print('感谢您的使用！')

整个系统的数据全部单独存在，并存储在csv文件中

效果图：

总结

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