Java从控制台读入数据的几种方法总结
这里记录Java中从控制台读入信息的几种方式,已备后查!
(1)JDK 1.4(JDK 1.5和JDK 1.6也都兼容这种方法)
public class TestConsole1 { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:); System.out.println("The information from console: + str); } /** * Use InputStreamReader and System.in to read data from console * * @param prompt * * @return input string */ private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) { BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String str = null; try { System.out.print(prompt); str = br.readLine(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return str; } }
(2)JDK 1.5(利用Scanner进行读取)
public class TestConsole2 { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:"); System.out.println("The information from console:" + str); } /** * Use java.util.Scanner to read data from console * * @param prompt * * @return input string */ private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print(prompt); return scanner.nextLine(); } }
Scanner还可以很方便的扫描文件,读取里面的信息并转换成你要的类型,比如对“2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done”这样的数据求和,见如下代码:
public class TestConsole4 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("num.txt"); fw.write("2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done"); fw.close(); System.out.println("Sum is "+scanFileForSum("num.txt")); } public static double scanFileForSum(String fileName) throws IOException { double sum = 0.0; FileReader fr = null; try { fr = new FileReader(fileName); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(fr); while (scanner.hasNext()) { if (scanner.hasNextDouble()) { sum = sum + scanner.nextDouble(); } else { String str = scanner.next(); if (str.equals("done")) { break; } else { throw new RuntimeException("File Format is wrong!"); } } } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException("File " + fileName + " not found!"); } finally { if (fr != null) fr.close(); } return sum; } }
(3)JDK 1.6(利用java.io.Console进行读取)
JDK6中提供了java.io.Console类专用来访问基于字符的控制台设备.
你的程序如果要与Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console类代劳.(类似System.in和System.out)
但我们不总是能得到可用的Console, 一个JVM是否有可用的Console依赖于底层平台和JVM如何被调用.
如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中启动的,并且输入输出没有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一个可用的Console实例。
在使用 IDE 的情况下,是无法获取到Console实例的,原因在于在 IDE 的环境下,重新定向了标准输入和输出流,也是就是将系统控制台上的输入输出重定向到了 IDE 的控制台中
public class TestConsole3 { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:"); System.out.println("The information from console:" + str); } /** * Use java.io.console to read data from console * * @param prompt * * @return input string */ private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) { Console console = System.console(); if (console == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!"); } return console.readLine(prompt); } }
Console类还有个特色就是,专门对密码(输入无回显)等安全字符,进行了处理。专门提供 readPassword()方法,具体应用见如下代码:
public class TestConsole5 { public static void main(String[] args) { Console console = System.console(); if (console == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Console is not available!"); } while(true){ String username = console.readLine("Username: "); char[] password = console.readPassword("Password: "); if (username.equals("Chris") && String.valueOf(password).equals("GoHead")) { console.printf("Welcome to Java Application %1$s.\n", username); // 使用后应立即将数组清空,以减少其在内存中占用的时间,增强安全性 password = null; System.exit(-1); } else { console.printf("Invalid username or password.\n"); } } } }
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