C++实现LeetCode(149.共线点个数)

[LeetCode] 149. Max Points on a Line 共线点个数

Given n points on a 2D plane, find the maximum number of points that lie on the same straight line.

Example 1:

Input: [[1,1],[2,2],[3,3]]
Output: 3
Explanation:
^
|
|        o
|     o
|  o  
+------------->
0  1  2  3  4

Example 2:

Input: [[1,1],[3,2],[5,3],[4,1],[2,3],[1,4]]
Output: 4
Explanation:
^
|
|  o
|     o        o
|        o
|  o        o
+------------------->
0  1  2  3  4  5  6

这道题给了我们一堆二维点,然后让求最大的共线点的个数,根据初中数学可以知道,两点确定一条直线,而且可以写成 y = ax + b 的形式,所有共线的点都满足这个公式。所以这些给定点两两之间都可以算一个斜率,每个斜率代表一条直线,对每一条直线,带入所有的点看是否共线并计算个数,这是整体的思路。但是还有两点特殊情况需要考虑,一是当两个点重合时,无法确定一条直线,但这也是共线的情况,需要特殊处理。二是斜率不存在的情况,由于两个点 (x1, y1) 和 (x2, y2) 的斜率k表示为 (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1),那么当 x1 = x2 时斜率不存在,这种共线情况需要特殊处理。这里需要用到 TreeMap 来记录斜率和共线点个数之间的映射,其中第一种重合点的情况假定其斜率为 INT_MIN,第二种情况假定其斜率为 INT_MAX,这样都可以用 TreeMap 映射了。还需要顶一个变量 duplicate 来记录重合点的个数,最后只需和 TreeMap 中的数字相加即为共线点的总数,但这种方法现在已经无法通过 OJ 了,代码可以参见评论区八楼。

由于通过斜率来判断共线需要用到除法,而用 double 表示的双精度小数在有的系统里不一定准确,为了更加精确无误的计算共线,应当避免除法,从而避免无线不循环小数的出现,那么怎么办呢,这里把除数和被除数都保存下来,不做除法,但是要让这两数分别除以它们的最大公约数,这样例如8和4,4和2,2和1,这三组商相同的数就都会存到一个映射里面,同样也能实现目标,而求 GCD 的函数如果用递归来写那么一行就搞定了,叼不叼,这个方法能很好的避免除法的出现,算是牺牲了空间来保证精度吧,参见代码如下:

C++ 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    int maxPoints(vector<vector<int>>& points) {
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i) {
            map<pair<int, int>, int> m;
            int duplicate = 1;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < points.size(); ++j) {
                if (points[i][0] == points[j][0] && points[i][1] == points[j][1]) {
                    ++duplicate; continue;
                }
                int dx = points[j][0] - points[i][0];
                int dy = points[j][1] - points[i][1];
                int d = gcd(dx, dy);
                ++m[{dx / d, dy / d}];
            }
            res = max(res, duplicate);
            for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) {
                res = max(res, it->second + duplicate);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    int gcd(int a, int b) {
        return (b == 0) ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
    }
};

Java 解法一:

class Solution {
    public int maxPoints(int[][] points) {
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < points.length; ++i) {
            Map<Map<Integer, Integer>, Integer> m = new HashMap<>();
            int duplicate = 1;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < points.length; ++j) {
                if (points[i][0] == points[j][0] && points[i][1] == points[j][1]) {
                    ++duplicate; continue;
                }
                int dx = points[j][0] - points[i][0];
                int dy = points[j][1] - points[i][1];
                int d = gcd(dx, dy);
                Map<Integer, Integer> t = new HashMap<>();
                t.put(dx / d, dy / d);
                m.put(t, m.getOrDefault(t, 0) + 1);
            }
            res = Math.max(res, duplicate);
            for (Map.Entry<Map<Integer, Integer>, Integer> e : m.entrySet()) {
                res = Math.max(res, e.getValue() + duplicate);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    public int gcd(int a, int b) {
        return (b == 0) ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
    }
}

令博主惊奇的是,这道题的 OJ 居然容忍 brute force 的方法通过,博主认为下面这种 O(n3) 的解法之所以能通过 OJ,可能还有一个原因就是用了比较高效的判断三点共线的方法。一般来说判断三点共线有三种方法,斜率法,周长法,面积法 。而其中通过判断叉积为零的面积法是坠好的。比如说有三个点 A(x1, y1)、B(x2, y2)、C(x3, y3),那么判断三点共线就是判断下面这个等式是否成立:

行列式的求法不用多说吧,不会的话回去翻线性代数,当初少打点刀塔不就好啦~

C++ 解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int maxPoints(vector<vector<int>>& points) {
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i) {
            int duplicate = 1;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < points.size(); ++j) {
                int cnt = 0;
                long long x1 = points[i][0], y1 = points[i][1];
                long long x2 = points[j][0], y2 = points[j][1];
                if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) {++duplicate; continue;}
                for (int k = 0; k < points.size(); ++k) {
                    int x3 = points[k][0], y3 = points[k][1];
                    if (x1 * y2 + x2 * y3 + x3 * y1 - x3 * y2 - x2 * y1 - x1 * y3 == 0) {
                        ++cnt;
                    }
                }
                res = max(res, cnt);
            }
            res = max(res, duplicate);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

Java 解法二:

class Solution {
    public int maxPoints(int[][] points) {
        int res = 0, n = points.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int duplicate = 1;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; ++j) {
                int cnt = 0;
                long x1 = points[i][0], y1 = points[i][1];
                long x2 = points[j][0], y2 = points[j][1];
                if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) {++duplicate;continue;}
                for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
                    int x3 = points[k][0], y3 = points[k][1];
                    if (x1*y2 + x2*y3 + x3*y1 - x3*y2 - x2*y1 - x1 * y3 == 0) {
                        ++cnt;
                    }
                }
                res = Math.max(res, cnt);
            }
            res = Math.max(res, duplicate);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/149

类似题目:

Line Reflection

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/max-points-on-a-line/

https://leetcode.com/problems/max-points-on-a-line/discuss/221044/

https://leetcode.com/problems/max-points-on-a-line/discuss/47113/A-java-solution-with-notes

https://leetcode.com/problems/max-points-on-a-line/discuss/47117/Sharing-my-simple-solution-with-explanation

到此这篇关于C++实现LeetCode(149.共线点个数)的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关C++实现共线点个数内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们!

(0)

相关推荐

  • C++实现LeetCode(148.链表排序)

    [LeetCode] 148. Sort List 链表排序 Sort a linked list in O(n log n) time using constant space complexity. Example 1: Input: 4->2->1->3 Output: 1->2->3->4 Example 2: Input: -1->5->3->4->0 Output: -1->0->3->4->5 常见排序方法有

  • C++实现LeetCode(147.链表插入排序)

    [LeetCode] 147. Insertion Sort List 链表插入排序 Sort a linked list using insertion sort. A graphical example of insertion sort. The partial sorted list (black) initially contains only the first element in the list. With each iteration one element (red) is

  • C++实现LeetCode(151.翻转字符串中的单词)

    [LeetCode] 151.Reverse Words in a String 翻转字符串中的单词 Given an input string, reverse the string word by word. For example, Given s = "the sky is blue", return "blue is sky the". Update (2015-02-12): For C programmers: Try to solve it in-p

  • C++实现LeetCode(135.分糖果问题)

    [LeetCode] 135.Candy 分糖果问题 There are N children standing in a line. Each child is assigned a rating value. You are giving candies to these children subjected to the following requirements: Each child must have at least one candy. Children with a high

  • C++实现LeetCode(150.计算逆波兰表达式)

    [LeetCode] 150.Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation 计算逆波兰表达式 Evaluate the value of an arithmetic expression in Reverse Polish Notation. Valid operators are +, -, *, /. Each operand may be an integer or another expression. Note: Division between two integ

  • C++实现LeetCode(146.近最少使用页面置换缓存器)

    [LeetCode] 146. LRU Cache 最近最少使用页面置换缓存器 Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and put. get(key) - Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exist

  • C++实现LeetCode(138.拷贝带有随机指针的链表)

    [LeetCode] 138. Copy List with Random Pointer 拷贝带有随机指针的链表 A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point to any node in the list or null. Return a deep copy of the list. Example 1: Input: {"$id"

  • C++实现LeetCode(140.拆分词句之二)

    [LeetCode] 140.Word Break II 拆分词句之二 Given a non-empty string s and a dictionary wordDict containing a list of non-empty words, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word. Return all such possible sentences. Not

  • C++实现LeetCode(149.共线点个数)

    [LeetCode] 149. Max Points on a Line 共线点个数 Given n points on a 2D plane, find the maximum number of points that lie on the same straight line. Example 1: Input: [[1,1],[2,2],[3,3]] Output: 3 Explanation: ^ | |        o |     o |  o   +------------->

  • Java C++题解 leetcode第k个数实例

    目录 题目要求 思路一:小根堆 Java C++ 思路二:多路归并[多指针] Java C++ Rust 总结 题目要求 思路一:小根堆 中文题目描述不太清晰,但其实由题目可以发现,当x满足条件时,3x.5x.7x分别也都满足条件. 将满足条件的数依次放入优先队列存放用于后续计算,由于每次要取待计算队列中最小的数x,所以定义小根堆: 弹出x,计算3x.5x.7x并入队: 用一个哈希表记录防止重复入队. 每次取数(pop)时进行计数,到第k次结束,当前队首即为答案. Java <学到了> 1L也

  • C++实现LeetCode(172.求阶乘末尾零的个数)

    [LeetCode] 172. Factorial Trailing Zeroes 求阶乘末尾零的个数 Given an integer n, return the number of trailing zeroes in n!. Example 1: Input: 3 Output: 0 Explanation: 3! = 6, no trailing zero. Example 2: Input: 5 Output: 1 Explanation: 5! = 120, one trailing

  • C++实现LeetCode(191.位1的个数)

    [LeetCode] 191.Number of 1 Bits 位1的个数 Write a function that takes an unsigned integer and returns the number of '1' bits it has (also known as the Hamming weight). For example, the 32-bit integer '11' has binary representation 00000000000000000000000

  • golang 中获取字符串个数的方法

    在 golang 中不能直接用 len 函数来统计字符串长度,查看了下源码发现字符串是以 UTF-8 为格式存储的,说明 len 函数是取得包含 byte 的个数 // string is the set of all strings of 8-bit bytes, conventionally but not // necessarily representing UTF-8-encoded text. A string may be empty, but // not nil. Values

  • Java实现LeetCode(两数之和)

    给定一个整数数组和一个目标值,找出数组中和为目标值的两个数. 你可以假设每个输入只对应一种答案,且同样的元素不能被重复利用. 示例: 给定 nums = [2, 7, 11, 15], target = 9 因为 nums[0] + nums[1] = 2 + 7 = 9 所以返回[0, 1] 思路一:最直接的思维,两次遍历查询,时间复杂度O(N*N). 代码: public static int[] twoSum1(int[] nums, int target) { int[] label =

  • C++实现LeetCode(三数之和)

    Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero. Note: Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a ≤ b ≤ c) The solut

  • C++实现leetcode(3.最长无重复字符的子串)

    [LeetCode] 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 最长无重复字符的子串 Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters. Example 1: Input: "abcabcbb" Output: 3 Explanation: The answer is "abc", wit

  • C++实现LeetCode(两个有序数组的中位数)

    [LeetCode] 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 两个有序数组的中位数 There are two sorted arrays nums1 and nums2 of size m and n respectively. Find the median of the two sorted arrays. The overall run time complexity should be O(log (m+n)). You may assume nums1 and 

  • C++实现LeetCode(647.回文子字符串)

    [LeetCode] 647. Palindromic Substrings 回文子字符串 Given a string, your task is to count how many palindromic substrings in this string. The substrings with different start indexes or end indexes are counted as different substrings even they consist of sa

随机推荐