C语言实现单链表的基本功能详解

1.首先简单了解一下链表的概念:

要注意的是链表是一个结构体实现的一种线性表,它只能从前往后,不可以从后往前(因为next只保存下一个节点的地址).在实现单链表的操作时,需要用指针来操作.很简单,注释写的很详细,欢迎大家指正哈哈哈哈~之前写的太烂了重新写了一下.....

2.代码展示:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct linklist {
	int data;
	struct linklist* next;
}node;
//目录
//1.动态申请节点
node* Creatnode(int x);
//2.单链表的尾插
void PushBack(node** plist, int x);
//3.单链表的打印
void Printlist(node** plist);
//4.单链表尾删
void Popback(node** plist);
//5.单链表的头插
void PushFront(node** plist, int x);
//6.单链表的头删
void PopFrount(node** plist);
//7.单链表的查找
node* Findpos(node* plist, int x);
//8.单链表在pos位置之后插入x
void Insertlinstafter(node* pos, int x);
//9.单链表删除pos位置之后的元素
void PopPosAfter(node* pos);
//10.单链表的销毁
void Destorylist(node** plist);
//1.动态申请节点
node*  Creatnode(int x) {
	node* t = (node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
	if (t == NULL) {
		assert(0);
		return NULL;
	}
	else {
		t->next = NULL;
		t->data = x;
		return t;
	}
}
//2.单链表的尾插
void PushBack(node** plist, int x) {
	assert(plist);
	if (*plist == NULL) {
		*plist = Creatnode(x);
	}
	else {
		node* p = *plist;
		while (p->next) {
			p = p->next;
		}
		p->next = Creatnode(x);
	}
}
//3.单链表的打印
void Printlist(node** plist) {
	assert(plist);
	node* p =* plist;
	while (p) {
		printf("%d ", p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
}
//4.单链表尾删
void Popback(node** plist) {
	assert(plist);
	if (*plist == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}
	node* p = *plist;
	node* q = NULL;
	while (p->next) {
		q = p;
		p = p->next;
	}
	q->next =NULL;
	free(p);
}
//5.单链表的头插
void PushFront(node** plist, int x) {
	assert(plist);
	node* t = Creatnode(x);
	if (NULL == *plist) {
		*plist = t;
	}
	else {
		t->next = *plist;
		*plist = t;
	}
}
//6.单链表的头删
void PopFrount(node** plist) {
	assert(plist);
	if (plist == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}
	else {
		node* p = *plist;
		*plist = p->next;
		free(p);
	}
}
//7.单链表的查找
node* Findpos(node* plist, int x) {
	node* cur = plist;
	while (cur) {
		if (cur->data == x) {
			return cur;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}
//8.单链表在pos位置之后插入x
void Insertlinstafter(node* pos, int x) {
	assert(pos);
	if (NULL == pos) {
		return ;
	}
	node* t = Creatnode(x);
	t->next = pos->next;
	pos->next = t;
}
//9.单链表删除pos位置之后的元素
void PopPosAfter(node* pos) {
	assert(pos);
	if (pos->next == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	else{
		node* p = pos->next;
		pos->next = p->next;
		free(p);
	}
}
//10.单链表的销毁
void Destorylist(node** plist) {
	assert(plist);
	node* p = *plist;
	while (p) {
		*plist = p->next;
		free(p);
		p = *plist;
	}
	*plist = NULL;
}

void test1() {
	node* plist=NULL;//创建头指针
	PushBack(&plist, 1);//尾插元素
	PushBack(&plist, 2);
	PushBack(&plist, 3);
	PushBack(&plist, 4);
	PushBack(&plist, 5);
	Printlist(&plist);//打印链表元素  1 2 3 4 5
	printf("\n");
	Popback(&plist); //尾删元素
	PushFront(&plist, 0);//首插元素0
	Printlist(&plist);//打印链表   0 1 2 3 4
	printf("\n");
	PopFrount(&plist);//首删元素0
	Printlist(&plist);//打印链表   1 2 3 4
	printf("\n");
	Findpos(plist,1);//寻找链表中1的地址,不方便演示,下面会演示
	Insertlinstafter(Findpos(plist, 4), 5);//在4后面插入5,用到上面的Findpos函数
	Printlist(&plist);//打印链表   1 2 3 4 5
	printf("\n");
	PopPosAfter(Findpos(plist, 4));//删除指定位置后面的元素(删除4后面的5)
	Printlist(&plist);//打印链表    1 2 3 4
	printf("\n");
	Destorylist(&plist);//销毁链表
	Printlist(&plist);//打印链表
}
void test() {
	test1();
}
int main() {
	test();
	return 0;
}

3.测试结果:

a.先创建了头指针plist

b.尾插1 2 3 4 5

c. 尾删元素5

d.首插元素0

e.首删元素0

f.在元素4 后面插入5

g.删除4元素后面的5

h.销毁链表

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