Linux7.6二进制安装Mysql8.0.27详细操作步骤

目录

• 一、环境准备
• 1.1 操作系统版本
• 1.2 磁盘空间
• 1.3 关闭防火墙
• 1.4 关闭 selinux
• 1.5 HOST解析
• 1.6 Mysql下载
• 二、 yum安装及配置
• 2.1 挂载本地光盘镜像
• 2.2 配置yum源
• 2.3 安装依赖包
• 三、卸载MariaDB
• 四、安装 MySQL
• 4.1 用户及目录创建
• 4.2 用户及组
• 4.3 上传软件包并解压
• 五.环境变量配置
• 六.创建参数文件
• 七.数据库初始化
• 八.启动Mysql
• 九.登陆Mysql
• 十.修改密码
• 十一.远程登陆设置

一、环境准备

1.1 操作系统版本

[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)

1.2 磁盘空间

[root@rhel76 ~]# df -TH
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        32G  4.6G   27G  15% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G   14M  2.1G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             xfs       996M  172M  825M  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-u01  xfs        30G   34M   30G   1% /u01
tmpfs                 tmpfs     413M  4.1k  413M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     413M   46k  413M   1% /run/user/0

1.3 关闭防火墙

[root@rhel76 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-23 23:46:04 UTC; 9min ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 9621 (firewalld)
    Tasks: 2
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─9621 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Nov 23 23:46:03 rhel76 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Nov 23 23:46:04 rhel76 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

[root@rhel76 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@rhel76 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

1.4 关闭 selinux

[root@rhel76 ~]# getenforce
Enforcing

[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`
[root@rhel76 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX\=enforcing/SELINUX\=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

以上修改完后重启
[root@rhel76 ~]# reboot

[root@rhel76 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@rhel76 ~]# sestatus
SELinux status:  disabled

1.5 HOST解析

[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.6.81 rhel76

[root@rhel76 ~]# hostname
rhel76

1.6 Mysql下载

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
MD5: 0bdd171cb8464ba32f65f7bf58bc9533

二、 yum安装及配置

2.1 挂载本地光盘镜像

[root@rhel76 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/dvd/

[root@rhel76 ~]# df -TH
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        32G  4.7G   27G  15% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G   14M  2.1G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             xfs       996M  172M  825M  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-u01  xfs        30G   34M   30G   1% /u01
tmpfs                 tmpfs     413M   21k  413M   1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 tmpfs     413M   13k  413M   1% /run/user/42
/dev/sr0              iso9660   4.5G  4.5G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.6 Server.x86_64

[root@rhel76 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/dvd
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

2.2 配置yum源

[root@rhel76 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@rhel76 yum.repos.d]# cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo << "EOF"
> [rhel7]
> name=jeames repo
> baseurl=file:///mnt/dvd/
> gpgcheck=0
> EOF

2.3 安装依赖包

[root@rhel76 ~]# yum -y groupinstall "DeveLopment tools"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Warning: Group development does not have any packages to install.
Maybe run: yum groups mark install (see man yum)
No packages in any requested group available to install or update

[root@rhel76 ~]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison gcc gcc-c++ make

三、卸载MariaDB

[root@rhel76 ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

[root@rhel76 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

四、安装 MySQL

4.1 用户及目录创建

注：可以部署多个实例，通过端口区分root 用户操作：mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306mkdir -p /mysql/app/mkdir -p /mysql/conf/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/pid/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/log/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/binlog/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/errlogmkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/relaylog/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/slowlog/mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/tmp/

4.2 用户及组

[root@rhel76 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@rhel76 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@rhel76 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql
[root@rhel76 ~]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:1001:
[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/bin/bash

4.3 上传软件包并解压

[root@rhel76 ~]# cp mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /mysql/app
[root@rhel76 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql

mysql用户操作
[root@rhel76 ~]# su - mysql
md5 值验证，保证下载到的软件包无破损无木马
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ cd /mysql/app
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ ll
total 1168588
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1196633756 Nov 24 00:49 mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ md5sum mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
0bdd171cb8464ba32f65f7bf58bc9533  mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

解压软件包并重命名
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ tar xvf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ mv mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql8.0.27

[mysql@rhel76 app]$ ll
total 1168588
drwxrwxr-x 9 mysql mysql        129 Nov 24 00:54 mysql8.0.27
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1196633756 Nov 24 00:49 mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

五.环境变量配置

cat >> /home/mysql/.bash_profile << "EOF"
MYSQL_HOME=/mysql/app/mysql8.0.27
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
EOF

source ~/.bash_profile
which mysql

六.创建参数文件

由于是二进制文件安装，数据库参数文件需要自己配置

cat >> /mysql/conf/my3306.cnf << "EOF"
[mysqld]
server_id = 80273306
default-storage-engine= InnoDB
basedir=/mysql/app/mysql8.0.27
datadir=/mysql/data/mysql3306/data/
socket=/mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/data/mysql3306/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/mysql/data/mysql3306/pid/mysqld.pid
port=3306
default-time_zone='+8:00'
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password # 加此参数可远程登陆
transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED
max_connections=1500
back_log=500
wait_timeout=1800
max_user_connections=800
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=512M
innodb_log_buffer_size=40M
slow_query_log=ON
long_query_time=5
# log settings #
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file = /mysql/data/mysql3306/slowlog/slow3306.log
log_error = /mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog/err3306.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
log_bin = /mysql/data/mysql3306/binlog/mysql_bin
log_bin_index = /mysql/data/mysql3306/binlog/mysql_binlog.index
general_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/generallog/general.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
expire_logs_days = 90
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 2592000      #30d
long_query_time = 2
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 1000
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

EOF

七.数据库初始化

mysql用户操作：
mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/conf/my3306.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/mysql/app/mysql8.0.27 --datadir=/mysql/data/mysql3306/data/
注意：以上同一行执行

八.启动Mysql

[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/conf/my3306.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 21406
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ 2021-11-24T06:14:23.240372Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog/err3306.log'.
2021-11-24T06:14:23.296992Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mysql/data/mysql3306/data

九.登陆Mysql

第一次登录 MySQL 时，需要到错误日志下找初始化密码，我这里的密码为：-(Qy5Aj9t,=a
使用 socket 加密码登录进去后，无法查询任何东西，提示先要修改 root 密码。

[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ cat /mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog/err3306.log | grep password

2021-11-24T06:12:14.610657Z 0 [Note] [MY-010309] [Server] Auto generated RSA key files through --sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys are placed in data directory.
2021-11-24T06:12:14.610686Z 0 [Note] [MY-010308] [Server] Skipping generation of RSA key pair through --caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys as key files are present in data directory.
2021-11-24T06:12:14.615367Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -(Qy5Aj9t,=a
2021-11-24T06:14:26.153958Z 0 [Note] [MY-010308] [Server] Skipping generation of RSA key pair through --sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys as key files are present in data directory.
2021-11-24T06:14:26.153979Z 0 [Note] [MY-010308] [Server] Skipping generation of RSA key pair through --caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys as key files are present in data directory.

[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

##此处通过sock登陆
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p  -P 3306 -S /mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

十.修改密码

mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'root';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> status--------------mysql  Ver 8.0.27 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id:          8Current database:Current user:           root@localhostSSL:                    Not in useCurrent pager:          stdoutUsing outfile:          ''Using delimiter:        ;Server version:         8.0.27Protocol version:       10Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socketServer characterset:    utf8mb4Db     characterset:    utf8mb4Client characterset:    utf8mb4Conn.  characterset:    utf8mb4UNIX socket:            /mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mysql.sockBinary data as:         HexadecimalUptime:                 8 min 0 secThreads: 2  Questions: 7  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 398  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.014--------------

十一.远程登陆设置

使用如下语句创建 root 用户是无法通过 navicat 等客户端登录的，
由于从 MySQL8 开始，身份验证插件发生改变，
默认的 “caching_sha2_password” 不允许远程登录，
故需将此插件修改为 “mysql_native_password” 便可登录。

mysql> create user root@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> select user,host,plugin from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+
| user             | host      | plugin                |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+
| root             | %         | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.session    | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
| root             | localhost | mysql_native_password |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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