C#对集合进行排序
先来看看下面List<T>泛型集合的排序例子:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace CustomerSort { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<int> list = new List<int>(); list.Add(1); list.Add(5); list.Add(2); list.Add(6); list.Add(3); list.Add(4); Console.WriteLine("*****排序前*****"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); } list.Sort(); Console.WriteLine("*****排序后*****"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); } Console.ReadKey(); } } }
输出结果:
从上面的截图中可以看出,Sort()方法默认按照元素的大小进行从小到大的排序,为什么调用Sort()方法就能按照元素的大小进行从小到大的排序呢?其实现原理是什么呢?我们能不能自定义排序规则呢?带着这些问题,我们先来看看Sort()方法的定义,在Sort()方法上面按F12转到定义:
从截图中可以看出,Sort()方法使用了几个重载的方法。可以传递给它的参数有泛型委托Comparison<T> comparison和泛型接口IComparer<T> comparer,以及一个范围值和泛型接口IComparer<T> comparer。只有集合中的元素实现了IComparable<T>接口,才能使用不带参数的Sort()方法。我们在这里实现IComparer<T>接口来创建一个自定义类型的排序功能。
1、定义一个Student类,包括姓名和分数两个属性,可以按照姓名或分数进行排序,Student类定义如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace CustomerSort { public class Student { public string Name { get; set; } public double Score { get; set; } } }
2、在定义一个枚举,表示排序的种类,即是按照Name排序还是按照Score排序:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace CustomerSort { /// <summary> /// 排序的种类 /// </summary> public enum CompareType { Name, Score } }
3、实现IComparer接口
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace CustomerSort { /// <summary> /// StudentComparer自定义排序规则类实现IComparable接口 /// </summary> public class StudentComparer : IComparer<Student> { private CompareType _compareType; /// <summary> /// 通过构造函数给_compareType赋值 /// </summary> /// <param name="compareType"></param> public StudentComparer(CompareType compareType) { _compareType = compareType; } /// <summary> /// 实现IComparer接口的Compare /// </summary> /// <param name="other"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int Compare(Student x, Student y) { if (x == null && y == null) { return 0; } if (x == null) { return -1; } if (y == null) { return 1; } switch (_compareType) { case CompareType.Name: return string.Compare(x.Name, y.Name); break; case CompareType.Score: return x.Score.CompareTo(y.Score); break; default: throw new ArgumentException("无效的比较类型"); } } } }
4、在Main()方法中调用:
先按照Name进行排序:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace CustomerSort { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //List<int> list = new List<int>(); //list.Add(1); //list.Add(5); //list.Add(2); //list.Add(6); //list.Add(3); //list.Add(4); //Console.WriteLine("*****排序前*****"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); //} //list.Sort(); //Console.WriteLine("*****排序后*****"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); //} List<Student> list = new List<Student>() { new Student() { Name="Tom", Score=98 } , new Student() { Name="Kevin", Score=69 } , new Student() { Name="Leo", Score=81 } }; Console.WriteLine("*****排序前*****"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine(item.Name); } list.Sort(new StudentComparer(CompareType.Name)); Console.WriteLine("*****排序后*****"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine(item.Name); } //Console.WriteLine("***按照Score排序***"); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
结果:
在按照Score进行排序:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace CustomerSort { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //List<int> list = new List<int>(); //list.Add(1); //list.Add(5); //list.Add(2); //list.Add(6); //list.Add(3); //list.Add(4); //Console.WriteLine("*****排序前*****"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); //} //list.Sort(); //Console.WriteLine("*****排序后*****"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); //} List<Student> list = new List<Student>() { new Student() { Name="Tom", Score=98 } , new Student() { Name="Kevin", Score=69 } , new Student() { Name="Leo", Score=81 } }; //Console.WriteLine("*****排序前*****"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // Console.WriteLine(item.Name); //} //list.Sort(new StudentComparer(CompareType.Name)); //Console.WriteLine("*****排序后*****"); //foreach (var item in list) //{ // Console.WriteLine(item.Name); //} Console.WriteLine("*****排序前*****"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine(item.Score); } list.Sort(new StudentComparer(CompareType.Name)); Console.WriteLine("*****排序后*****"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine(item.Score); } Console.ReadKey(); } } }
结果:
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