详解利用 Vue.js 实现前后端分离的RBAC角色权限管理

项目背景：物业管理后台，不同角色拥有不同权限

采用技术：Vue.js + Vuex + Element UI

实现 RBAC 权限管理需要后端接口支持，这里仅提供前端解决方案。

因代码篇幅较大，对代码进行了删减，文中 “...” 即为省略的一部分代码。

大致思路：
首先登录成功后，从后台拉取用户当前可显示的菜单和可用权限列表，分别将其存入 store 的 nav（菜单导航） 和 auth（用户可用权限） 中，在用户切换路由时，判断是否存在 auth ，如果不存在，则重新获取，判断当前访问地址 to.meta.alias 是否在用户可用权限列表中，如果不存在，则提示无权限，否则进入路由。

1. 路由与侧边菜单分离

侧边菜单相关代码 Main.vue

<template>
<!-- ... -->
  <aside :class="collapsed?'menu-collapsed':'menu-expanded'">
    <!--导航菜单-->
    <el-menu :default-active="$route.path"
         class="el-menu-vertical-aliyun"
         @open="handleopen"
         @close="handleclose"
         @select="handleselect"
         :collapse="collapsed"
         unique-opened router>
      <template v-for="(item,index) in nav">
        <!-- 二级菜单 -->
        <el-submenu :index="index+''"
              v-if="item.children && item.children.length > 0">
          <!-- 二级菜单顶级 -->
          <template slot="title">
            <i :class="['icon',item.iconCls]"></i>
            <span slot="title">{{item.name}}</span>
          </template>
          <!-- 二级菜单下级 -->
          <el-menu-item-group>
            <!--<span slot="title">{{item.name}}</span>-->
            <!-- && child.url-->
            <template v-for="child in item.children">
              <!--无三级菜单-->
              <el-menu-item
                  :index="child.url"
                  :key="child.url"
                  v-if="!child.children">
                {{child.name}}
              </el-menu-item>
              <!--有三级菜单-->
              <el-submenu
                  :index="child.url"
                  :key="child.url"
                  v-if="child.children">
                <span slot="title">{{child.name}}</span>
                <el-menu-item v-for="subChild in child.children"
                       :index="subChild.url"
                       :key="subChild.url">
                  {{subChild.name}}
                </el-menu-item>
              </el-submenu>
            </template>
          </el-menu-item-group>
        </el-submenu>
        <!-- 一级菜单 -->
        <el-menu-item v-if="!item.children"
               :index="item.url">
          <i :class="['icon',item.iconCls]"></i>
          <span slot="title">{{item.name}}</span>
        </el-menu-item>

      </template>
    </el-menu>
  </aside>
<!-- ... -->
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    // ...
    computed: {
     // 从 Vuex 中获取导航菜单
     nav() {
      return this.$store.state.nav;
     }
    }
    // ...
  }
</script>

2. 路由切换前进行鉴权

路由定义的部分代码，对每个路由添加了 meta 属性，用于鉴权。

这里 component 采用了异步引入的方式。

定义路由

// ...
// 系统管理
{
path: '/system',
component: Main,
name: '系统管理',
redirect: '/system/organization',
children: [{
 path: '/system/organization',
 component: () => import ('@/views/System/Organization.vue'),
 name: '组织结构',
 // requiresAuth 用于确认此地址是否需要验证
 // alias 用于获取后端返回rbac权限对应的前端路由地址和导航菜单图标
 meta: {requiresAuth: true, alias: 'Pmsadmin/Oragnize/list'}
},
 {
  path: '/system/user',
  component: () => import ('@/views/System/User.vue'),
  name: '人员管理',
  redirect: '/system/user/index',
  children: [
  {
   path: '/system/user/index',
   component: () => import ('@/views/System/UserList.vue'),
   name: '职员列表',
   meta: {requiresAuth: true, alias: 'Pmsadmin/Admin/list'}
  }
  ]
 },
 {
  path: '/system/auth',
  component: () => import ('@/views/System/Auth.vue'),
  name: '角色管理',
  meta: {requiresAuth: true, alias: 'Pmsadmin/Role/list'}
 }
]
}
// ...

路由钩子 beforeEach

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
 document.title = `${configs.title} - ${to.name}`;
 const {hasAuth, auth} = store.state.user;
 // 未拿到权限，则获取
 if (!hasAuth) {
  store.dispatch('getUserAuth');
  console.log('重新获取用户权限');
  // next();
 }
 // 如果未登录，跳转
 if (window.localStorage.getItem('IS_LOGIN') === null && to.path !== '/login') {
  console.log('未登录状态');
  next({
   path: '/login',
   query: {redirect: to.fullPath}
   // 将跳转的路由path作为参数，登录成功后跳转到该路由
  })
 } else {
  // 需要鉴权的路由地址
  console.log(to, auth.indexOf(to.meta.alias), auth);
  if (to.meta.requiresAuth) {
   if (auth.indexOf(to.meta.alias) > -1) {
    console.log('有权限进入');
    next();
   } else {
    if(auth.length > 0) {
     Message.error({
      message: '当前用户权限不足，无法访问',
      showClose: true,
     });
    } else {
     next();
    }
   }
  } else {
   next();
  }
 }
});

在 Vuex 的 state 中，定义好 nav 对象

// 登录用户信息
const user = {
 name: '', // 用户名
 avatar: '', // 用户头像
 auth: [], // 用户权限
 hasAuth: false // 是否已经加载用户权限
};
// 导航菜单
const nav = [];

通过 action 异步获取数据

// 获取用户权限
const getUserAuth = async ({commit}) => {
 const res = await http.post('YOUR_URL', {});
 if (res === null) return;
 console.log('getUserAuth', res.param);
 commit('SET_USER_AUTH', res.param.auth);
 commit('SET_SIDE_NAV', res.param.nav);
};

Vuex 中的 mutation 的相关代码

// 设置用户权限
const SET_USER_AUTH = (state, auth) => {
 state.user.auth = auth.concat('欢迎使用');
 state.user.hasAuth = true;
};
// 设置导航菜单
const SET_SIDE_NAV = (state, nav) => {
 // 导航菜单
 let _nav = [{
  name: '欢迎使用',
  url: "/main",
  iconCls: 'fa fa-bookmark'
 }];
 // 权限菜单对应的路由地址
 const route = {
  "系统管理": {iconCls: 'fa fa-archive', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Oragnize/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/system/organization'},
  "Pmsadmin/Admin/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/system/user/index'},
  "Pmsadmin/Role/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/system/auth'},
  "Pmsadmin/Log/record": {iconCls: '', url: '/system/logs'},
  "项目管理": {iconCls: 'fa fa-unlock-alt', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Project/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/project/list/index'},
  "Pmsadmin/House/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/project/house'},
  "Pmsadmin/Pack/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/project/pack'},
  "广告位": {iconCls: 'fa fa-edit', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Place/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/adsplace/list'},
  "投诉建议": {iconCls: 'fa fa-tasks', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Scategory/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/complain/type'},
  "Pmsadmin/Complain/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/complain/list'},
  "Pmsadmin/Suggest/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/complain/suggestion'},
  "报事报修": {iconCls: 'fa fa-user', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Rcategory/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/rcategory/type'},
  "Pmsadmin/Rcategory/info": {iconCls: '', url: '/rcategory/public'},
  "Pmsadmin/Repair/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/rcategory/personal'},
  "便民服务": {iconCls: 'fa fa-external-link', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Bcategory/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/bcategory/type'},
  "Pmsadmin/Service/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/bcategory/list'},
  "首座推荐": {iconCls: 'fa fa-file-text', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/stcategory/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/stcategory/type'},
  "Pmsadmin/Store/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/stcategory/list'},
  "招商租赁": {iconCls: 'fa fa-leaf', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Bussiness/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/bussiness/list'},
  "Pmsadmin/Company/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/bussiness/company'},
  "Pmsadmin/Question/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/bussiness/question'},
  "停车找车": {iconCls: 'fa fa-ra', url: ''},
  "Pmsadmin/Cplace/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/cplace/cmanage'},
  "Pmsadmin/Clist/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/cplace/clist'},
  "Pmsadmin/Cquestion/list": {iconCls: '', url: '/cplace/cquestion'},
 };
 for (let key in nav) {
  let item = nav[key];
  let _temp = {};
  let subItems = []; // 二级菜单临时数组
  if (item.children && item.children.length > 0) {
   // 二级菜单
   item.children.forEach(subItem => {
    subItems.push(Object.assign({}, {
     name: subItem.name || '',
     url: route[subItem.url].url || '',
     iconCls: route[subItem.url].iconCls || '',
    }))
   });
   // 一级菜单
   _temp = Object.assign({}, {
    name: item.name || '',
    url: item.url || '',
    iconCls: route[item.name].iconCls || '',
    children: subItems.slice(0)
   });
   _nav.push(_temp);
  }
 }
 state.nav = _nav;
};

3. 后端接口返回内容

{
  "status": 200,
  "info": "数据查询成功！",
  "param": {
    "nav": {
      "1": {
        "name": "系统管理",
        "url": "",
        "children": [
          {
            "name": "组织结构",
            "url": "Pmsadmin/Oragnize/list"
          },
          {
            "name": "人员管理",
            "url": "Pmsadmin/Admin/list"
          },
          {
            "name": "角色管理",
            "url": "Pmsadmin/Role/list"
          },
          {
            "name": "日志管理",
            "url": "Pmsadmin/Log/record"
          }
        ]
      },
      "61": {
        "name": "广告位",
        "url": "",
        "children": [
          {
            "name": "广告位列表",
            "url": "Pmsadmin/Place/list"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "auth": [
      "系统管理",
      "Pmsadmin/Oragnize/list",
      "Pmsadmin/Admin/list",
      "Pmsadmin/Role/list",
      "Pmsadmin/Log/record",
      "广告位",
      "Pmsadmin/Place/list"
    ]
  }
}

存在的问题

• 新增 修改 删除 按钮还无法实现根据用户权限控制其显示
• 代码上还存在着不足，期待大神能够有更优的解决方案。

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