PHP下用Swoole实现Actor并发模型的方法
什么是Actor?
Actor对于PHPer来说,可能会比较陌生,写过Java的同学会比较熟悉,Java一直都有线程的概念(虽然PHP有Pthread,但不普及),它是一种非共享内存的并发模型,每个Actor内的数据独立存在,Actor之间通过消息传递的形式进行交互调度,且Actor是一种高度抽象化的编程模型,非常适合于游戏、硬件行业。
Swoole协程与信箱
得益于Swoole4.x,我们可以基于Swoole的协程与Channel快速实现一个信箱模式调度。模拟代码如下:
use Swoole\Coroutine\Channel; go(function (){ //创建十个信箱通道 $mailBoxes = []; for ($i = 1;$i <= 10;$i++){ $mailBoxes[$i] = new Channel(16); } //模拟master 邮局调度,随机像一个信箱投递消息 go(function ()use($mailBoxes){ while (1){ \co::sleep(2); $key = rand(1,10); ($mailBoxes[$key])->push(time()); } }); //模拟actor 实体消费 for ($i = 1;$i <= 10;$i++){ go(function ()use($mailBoxes,$i){ while (1){ $msg = ($mailBoxes[$i])->pop(); echo "Actor {$i} recv msg : {$msg} \n"; } }); } });
以上代码执行输出:
php test.php
Actor 8 recv msg : 1559622691
Actor 10 recv msg : 1559622693
Actor 1 recv msg : 1559622695
Actor 5 recv msg : 1559622697
协程通道每次在POP遇到无数据的时候,都会自动让出执行权(具体可以去看Swoole协程调度)
Actor库
基于上面的原理,我们实行了一个多进程分布的协程Actor库
composer require easyswoole/actor=2.x-dev
我们依赖dev库进行测试,生产可以自己依赖stable版本
进程关系
Easyswoole的Actor模型中,存在两组进程,一组是proxy进程,用来实现Actor对外服务,一组是worker进程,proxy进程与worker进程之间通过unixsock进行通讯,而Actor实例就均匀的分布worker之中。
样例代码
比如在一个聊天室中,我们可以定义一个房间模型。
namespace EasySwoole\Actor\Test; use EasySwoole\Actor\AbstractActor; use EasySwoole\Actor\ActorConfig; class RoomActor extends AbstractActor { public static function configure(ActorConfig $actorConfig) { $actorConfig->setActorName('Room'); } public function onStart() { //每当一个RoomActor实体被创建的时候,都会执行该回调 var_dump('room actor '.$this->actorId().' start'); } public function onMessage($msg) { //每当一个RoomActor实体收到外部消息的时候,都会执行该回调当 var_dump('room actor '.$this->actorId().' onmessage: '.$msg); return 'reply at '.time(); } public function onExit($arg) { //每当一个RoomActor实体退出的时候,都会执行该回调 var_dump('room actor '.$this->actorId().' exit at arg: '.$arg); return 'exit at '.time(); } protected function onException(\Throwable $throwable) { //每当一个RoomActor出现异常的时候,都会执行该回调 var_dump($throwable->getMessage()); } }
在cli模式下创建一个Actor服务
use EasySwoole\Actor\Actor; use EasySwoole\Actor\Test\RoomActor; use EasySwoole\Actor\ProxyProcess; Actor::getInstance()->register(RoomActor::class); $list = Actor::getInstance()->generateProcess(); foreach ($list['proxy'] as $proxy){ /** @var ProxyProcess $proxy */ $proxy->getProcess()->start(); } foreach ($list['worker'] as $actors){ foreach ($actors as $actorProcess){ /** @var ProxyProcess $actorProcess */ $actorProcess->getProcess()->start(); } } while($ret = \Swoole\Process::wait()) { echo "PID={$ret['pid']}\n"; }
创建一个cli测试脚本
use EasySwoole\Actor\Actor; use EasySwoole\Actor\Test\RoomActor; Actor::getInstance()->register(RoomActor::class); go(function (){ $actorId = RoomActor::client()->create('create arg1'); var_dump($actorId); \co::sleep(3); var_dump(RoomActor::client()->send($actorId,'this is msg')); \co::sleep(3); var_dump(RoomActor::client()->exit($actorId,'this is exit arg')); \co::sleep(3); RoomActor::client()->create('create arg2'); \co::sleep(3); RoomActor::client()->create('create arg3'); \co::sleep(3); var_dump(RoomActor::client()->sendAll('sendAll msg')); \co::sleep(3); var_dump(RoomActor::client()->status()); \co::sleep(3); var_dump(RoomActor::client()->exitAll('sendAll exit')); });
以上代码执行结果如下:
服务端
php test.php string(40) "room actor 00101000000000000000001 start" string(57) "room actor 00101000000000000000001 onmessage: this is msg" string(64) "room actor 00101000000000000000001 exit at arg: this is exit arg" string(40) "room actor 00101000000000000000002 start" string(40) "room actor 00103000000000000000001 start" string(57) "room actor 00101000000000000000002 onmessage: sendAll msg" string(57) "room actor 00103000000000000000001 onmessage: sendAll msg" string(60) "room actor 00101000000000000000002 exit at arg: sendAll exit" string(60) "room actor 00103000000000000000001 exit at arg: sendAll exit"
客户端
php test2.php string(23) "00101000000000000000001" string(19) "reply at 1559623925" string(18) "exit at 1559623928" bool(true) array(3) { [1]=> int(1) [2]=> int(0) [3]=> int(1) } bool(true)
更多细节可以在EasySwoole项目官网得到文档支持 http://easyswoole.com/
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