Android room数据库使用详解

1、引入库

 def room_version = "2.3.0"
    implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"
    // For Kotlin use kapt instead of annotationProcessor
    annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version"
    // optional - RxJava2 support for Room
    implementation "androidx.room:room-rxjava2:$room_version"
    // optional - RxJava3 support for Room
    implementation "androidx.room:room-rxjava3:$room_version"

2.AppDatabase类

@Database(entities = {
        //用户信息
        UserInfo.class
        }, version = 1, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    private static AppDatabase instance;

    public static synchronized AppDatabase getInstance(Context context) {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = Room.databaseBuilder(context, AppDatabase.class,
                      //数据库存放在SD卡
                     FileUtils.getDatabasePath("test.db"))
                    //.addMigrations(MIGRATION_1_2)
                    .build();
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public abstract RoomDao roomDao();

    //进行数据库升级
    static final Migration MIGRATION_1_2 = new Migration(1, 2) {
        @Override
        public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
            //在这里用sql脚本完成
            database.execSQL("alter table user add column flag integer not null default 1");
        }
    };
}

public class FileUtils {

    public static void deleteFile(String fileName) {
        File file = new File(fileName);
        if (file.exists())
            file.delete();
    }

    /**
     * 获得数据库路径，如果不存在，则创建对象对象
     *
     * @param name
     */
    public static String getDatabasePath(String name) {
        //判断是否存在sd卡
        boolean sdExist = android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState());
        if (!sdExist) {//如果不存在,
            Log.e("SD卡管理：", "SD卡不存在，请加载SD卡");
            return null;
        } else {//如果存在
            //获取sd卡路径
            String dbDir = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
            dbDir += "/database";//数据库所在目录
            String dbPath = dbDir + "/" + name;//数据库路径
            LogUtil.d("dbPath:" + dbPath);
            return dbPath;
        }
    }
}

3.用户表

@Entity(tableName = "user")
public class UserInfo extends BaseBean {
    @NonNull
    @PrimaryKey
    private String userId;
    private String name;//用户名
    private String headImg;
    private String pwd;
    private String createTime;
    @Ignore
    private boolean isSelect;

    public UserInfo() {
    }

    @Ignore
    public UserInfo(String userId, String name, String headImg, String pwd) {
        this.userId = userId;
        this.name = name;
        this.headImg = headImg;
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public String getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(String userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getHeadImg() {
        return headImg;
    }

    public void setHeadImg(String headImg) {
        this.headImg = headImg;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public boolean isSelect() {
        return isSelect;
    }

    public void setSelect(boolean select) {
        isSelect = select;
    }

    public String getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }
}

4.RoomDao

@Dao
public interface RoomDao {
    /**
     * 插入用户
     *
     * @param user
     */
    @Insert
    void insertUser(UserInfo user);

    //如果插入的新数据在表中已经存在，即如果遇上数据冲突的情况，新数据直接替换旧数据；
    @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
    void insertUser(UserInfo... user);

    @Update
    void updateUser(UserInfo note);

    /**
     * 获取所有的用户
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Query("SELECT * FROM user")
    LiveData<List<UserInfo>> getUserList();

    /**
     * 根据用户名查询用户
     *
     * @param userName
     * @return
     *
    @Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE name = :userName LIMIT 1")
    LiveData<UserInfo> findUserByName(String userName);
    /**
     * 根据userId查询用户
     */
    @Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE userId = :userId LIMIT 1")
    LiveData<UserInfo> findUserById(String userId);
}

5.Repository

public class Repository {

    private final AppDatabase appDB;

    public Repository(Context context) {
        appDB = AppDatabase.getInstance(context);
    }

    /**
     * 插入用户
     *
     * @param user
     */
    public void insertUser(final UserInfo user) {
        new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
            @Override
            protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
                appDB.roomDao().insertUser(user);
                return null;
            }
        }.execute();
    }

    /**
     * 获取所有的用户信息
     *
     * @return
     */
    public LiveData<List<UserInfo>> getUserList() {
        return appDB.roomDao().getUserList();
    }

    /**
     * 根据用户名查询用户
     */
    public LiveData<UserInfo> findUserByName(String name) {
        return appDB.roomDao().findUserByName(name);
    }

    /**
     * 根据userId查询用户
     */
    public LiveData<UserInfo> findUserById(String userId) {
        return appDB.roomDao().findUserById(userId);
    }
}

6.使用

Repository repository = new Repository(context);

 repository.getUserList().observe(this, new Observer<List<UserInfo>>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(List<UserInfo> userList) {
                mUserList = userList;
                LogUtil.d("mUserList个数：" + mUserList.size());
                if (mUserList.size() > 0) {
                    mAdapter.setList(userList);
                }
            }
        });

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