java组件commons-fileupload文件上传示例
文件上传在Web应用中非常普遍,要在Java Web环境中实现文件上传功能非常容易,因为网上已经有许多用Java开发的组件用于文件上传,本文以使用最普遍的commons-fileupload组件为例,演示如何为Java Web应用添加文件上传功能。
commons-fileupload组件是Apache的一个开源项目之一,可以从http://commons.apache.org/fileupload/下载。该组件简单易用,可实现一次上传一个或多个文件,并可限制文件大小。
下载后解压zip包,将commons-fileupload-1.x.jar复制到tomcat的webapps/你的webapp/WEB-INF/lib/下,如果目录不存在请自建目录。
新建一个UploadServlet.java用于文件上传:
package com.liaoxuefeng.web; public class FileUploadServlet extends HttpServlet { private String uploadDir = "C:\\temp"; @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO: } }
当servlet收到浏览器发出的Post请求后,在doPost()方法中实现文件上传,我们需要遍历FileItemIterator,获得每一个FileItemStream:
@Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { try { ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(); // set max file size to 1 MB: upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024); FileItemIterator it = upload.getItemIterator(req); // handle with each file: while (it.hasNext()) { FileItemStream item = it.next(); if (! item.isFormField()) { // it is a file upload: handleFileItem(item); } } req.getRequestDispatcher("success.jsp").forward(req, resp); } catch(FileUploadException e) { throw new ServletException("Cannot upload file.", e); } }
在handleFileItem()方法中读取上传文件的输入流,然后写入到uploadDir中,文件名通过UUID随机生成:
void handleFileItem(FileItemStream item) throws IOException { System.out.println("upload file: " + item.getName()); File newUploadFile = new File(uploadDir + "/" + UUID.randomUUID().toString()); byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; try { input = item.openStream(); output = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(newUploadFile)); for (;;) { int n = input.read(buffer); if (n==(-1)) break; output.write(buffer, 0, n); } } finally { if (input!=null) { try { input.close(); } catch (IOException e) {} } if (output!=null) { try { output.close(); } catch (IOException e) {} } } }
如果要在web.xml配置文件中读取指定的上传文件夹,可以在init()方法中初始化:
@Override public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); this.uploaddir = config.getInitParameter("dir"); }
最后在web.xml中配置Servlet:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"> <web-app> <servlet> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.liaoxuefeng.web.FileUploadServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/upload</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
配置好Servlet后,启动Tomcat或Resin,写一个简单的index.htm测试:
<html> <body> <p>FileUploadServlet Demo</p> <form name="form1" action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" name="button" value="Submit" /> </form> </body> </html>
注意action="upload"指定了处理上传文件的FileUploadServlet的映射URL。
当上传成功后,显示success.jsp,否则,抛出异常。如果上传的文件大小超过了我们设定的1MB,就会得到一个FileSizeLimitExceededException。
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