Android调用系统图库获取图片的方法
本文实例为大家分享了Android调用系统图库获取图片的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下
1、开发工具与关键技术:Eclipse、AndroidStudio
2、撰写时间:2020年05月28日
在做移动开发相信很多人都会用到调用系统的图库获取图片吧,那么今天我跟大家讲讲如何调用系统的图库获取图片呢!由于本次的内容有点多,所以,分几个步骤吧!废话就不多说啦!避免浪费大家的时间,回归正题。请看代码
第一步:在build.gradle的文件下确保安卓版本是6.0以上(targetSdkVersion 23 以上)
defaultConfig { targetSdkVersion 29 }
第二步:在manifests文件清单中添加权限
<!--允许程序设置内置sd卡的写权限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <!--允许程序读写手机状态和身份--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" /> <!--注意:这个的包名后面的单词一定要小写,否则会报错--> <provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="项目包名.fileprovider" android:exported="false" android:grantUriPermissions="true"> //这个一定要设置为true,否则不可以使用 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths" /> </provider>
第三步:在res的目录下的xml中添加file_paths.xml文件(这个是固定写法)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <paths> <root-path name="root" path="." /> <cache-path name="image_cache" path="." /> </paths> </resources>
第四步:创建工具类
1、调用图库的MPermissionUtils 工具类
package com.example.hote.util; import android.annotation.TargetApi; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Build; import android.provider.Settings; import android.util.Log; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog; import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat; import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat; import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * * <p> * 6.0 运行时权限处理工具类。 */ public class MPermissionUtils { private static String TAG=MPermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName(); private static int mRequestCode = -1; public static void requestPermissionsResult(Activity activity, int requestCode , String[] permission, OnPermissionListener callback) { requestPermissions(activity, requestCode, permission, callback); } public static void requestPermissionsResult(android.app.Fragment fragment, int requestCode , String[] permission, OnPermissionListener callback) { requestPermissions(fragment, requestCode, permission, callback); } public static void requestPermissionsResult(Fragment fragment, int requestCode , String[] permission, OnPermissionListener callback) { requestPermissions(fragment, requestCode, permission, callback); } /** * 请求权限结果,对应onRequestPermissionsResult()方法。 */ public static void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == mRequestCode) { if (verifyPermissions(grantResults)) { if (mOnPermissionListener != null) mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionGranted(); } else { if (mOnPermissionListener != null) mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionDenied(); } //调试打印授权情况 Log.d(TAG,"-----------------------------权限授权信息------------------------------------"); for(int i=0,len=permissions.length;i<len;i++){ String strText="未知情况"; switch (grantResults[i]){ case 0: strText="授权"; break; case 1: strText="被拒绝"; break; } Log.d(TAG,"权限:"+permissions[i]+" 的授权情况为: "+strText); } Log.d(TAG,"-----------------------------------------------------------------------------"); } } /** * 是否彻底拒绝了某项权限 */ public static boolean hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String... deniedPermissions) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) return false; boolean rationale; for (String permission : deniedPermissions) { rationale = ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale((Activity) getContext(context), permission); if (!rationale) return true; } return false; } /** * 显示提示对话框 */ public static void showTipsDialog(final Context context) { new AlertDialog.Builder(context) .setTitle("提示信息") .setMessage("当前应用缺少必要权限,该功能暂时无法使用。如若需要,请单击【确定】按钮前往设置中心进行权限授权。") .setNegativeButton("取消", null) .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { startAppSettings(context); } }).show(); } //=============私有方法=================================== /** * 请求权限处理 * * @param object activity or fragment * @param requestCode 请求码 * @param permissions 需要请求的权限 * @param callback 结果回调 */ @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M) private static void requestPermissions(Object object, int requestCode , String[] permissions, OnPermissionListener callback) { checkCallingObjectSuitability(object); mOnPermissionListener = callback; if (checkPermissions(getContext(object), permissions)) { if (mOnPermissionListener != null) mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionGranted(); } else { List<String> deniedPermissions = getDeniedPermissions(getContext(object), permissions); int len = deniedPermissions.size(); if (len > 0) { mRequestCode = requestCode; String[] strDeniedPermissions = deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[len]); if (object instanceof Activity) { ((Activity) object).requestPermissions(strDeniedPermissions, requestCode); } else if (object instanceof Fragment) { ((Fragment) object).requestPermissions(strDeniedPermissions, requestCode); } else if (object instanceof android.app.Fragment) { ((android.app.Fragment) object).requestPermissions(strDeniedPermissions, requestCode); } } } } /** * 获取上下文 */ private static Context getContext(Object object) { Context context; if (object instanceof Fragment) { context = ((Fragment) object).getActivity(); } else if (object instanceof android.app.Fragment) { context = ((android.app.Fragment) object).getActivity(); } else { context = (Activity) object; } return context; } /** * 启动当前应用设置页面 */ private static void startAppSettings(Context context) { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName())); context.startActivity(intent); } /** * 验证权限是否都已经授权 */ private static boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) { // 如果请求被取消,则结果数组为空 if (grantResults.length <= 0) return false; // 循环判断每个权限是否被拒绝 for (int grantResult : grantResults) { if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { return false; } } return true; } /** * 获取权限列表中所有需要授权的权限 * * @param context 上下文 * @param permissions 权限列表 * @return 需要授权的权限列表 */ private static List<String> getDeniedPermissions(Context context, String... permissions) { List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>(); for (String permission : permissions) { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) { deniedPermissions.add(permission); } } return deniedPermissions; } /** * 检查所传递对象的正确性 * * @param object 必须为 activity or fragment */ private static void checkCallingObjectSuitability(Object object) { if (object == null) { throw new NullPointerException("Activity or Fragment should not be null"); } boolean isActivity = object instanceof Activity; boolean isSupportFragment = object instanceof Fragment; boolean isAppFragment = object instanceof android.app.Fragment; if (!(isActivity || isSupportFragment || isAppFragment)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Caller must be an Activity or a Fragment"); } } /** * 检查所有的权限是否已经被授权 * * @param permissions 权限列表 * @return 所有的权限是否已经被授权 */ private static boolean checkPermissions(Context context, String... permissions) { if (isOverMarshmallow()) { for (String permission : permissions) { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) { return false; } } } return true; } /** * 判断当前手机API版本是否 >= 6.0 */ private static boolean isOverMarshmallow() { return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M; } public interface OnPermissionListener { void onPermissionGranted(); void onPermissionDenied(); } private static OnPermissionListener mOnPermissionListener; }
2、GetImagePath 的工具类
package com.example.hote.util; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Build; import android.os.Environment; import android.provider.DocumentsContract; import android.provider.MediaStore; public class GetImagePath { // 4.4以上 content://com.android.providers.media.documents/document/image:3952 // 4.4以下 content://media/external/images/media/3951 @SuppressLint("NewApi") public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) { final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT; // DocumentProvider if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) { // ExternalStorageProvider if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) { final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); final String[] split = docId.split(":"); final String type = split[0]; if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) { return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1]; } } // DownloadsProvider else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) { final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId( Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id)); return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null); } // MediaProvider else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) { final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); final String[] split = docId.split(":"); final String type = split[0]; Uri contentUri = null; if ("image".equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; } else if ("video".equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; } else if ("audio".equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; } final String selection = "_id=?"; final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{ split[1] }; return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs); } } // MediaStore (and general) else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) { // Return the remote address if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) return uri.getLastPathSegment(); return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null); } // File else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) { return uri.getPath(); } return null; } //Android 4.4以下版本自动使用该方法 public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { Cursor cursor = null; final String column = "_data"; final String[] projection = { column }; try { cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null); if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) { final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column); return cursor.getString(index); } } finally { if (cursor != null) cursor.close(); } return null; } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider. */ public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) { return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority()); } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider. */ public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) { return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority()); } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider. */ public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) { return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority()); } /** * @param uri The Uri to check. * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos. */ public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) { return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority()); } }
第五步:Activity的代码
public class InfoActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final int IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE = 100; private static final int IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE_GE7 = 101; private static final int CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE = 104; private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_CODE = 200; private File mGalleryFile;//存放图库选择是返回的图片 //相册的File对象 mGalleryFile=new File(path,”IMAGE_GALLERY_NAME.jpg”) //*********核心代码*********** view.findViewById(R.id.tv_d_selectPhoto_pic) .setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //检查权限 String[] strPermissions=new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE //外部存储器写权限 }; MPermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(UserFragment.this, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_CODE, strPermissions, new MPermissionUtils.OnPermissionListener() { //权限通过的回调 @Override public void onPermissionGranted() { //访问系统图库 Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);//设置打开文件的模式读取 intent.setType("image/*");//告诉系统我要获取图片 if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.N){ //Android7.0及以上 Uri uriForFile= FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivityContext, "com.example.hote.fileprovider",mGalleryFile); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uriForFile); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); //启动页面,设置请求码 startActivityForResult(intent, IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE_GE7); }else{ //Android7.0一下 intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(mGalleryFile)); startActivityForResult(intent, IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE); } dialog.dismiss();//关闭dialog } //权限不通过的回调 @Override public void onPermissionDenied() { //判断是否有永久拒绝的权限 if (MPermissionUtils.hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(mActivityContext, strPermissions)) { MPermissionUtils.showTipsDialog(mActivityContext); } else { Toast.makeText(mActivityContext, "您拒绝了应用需要的权限,将无法在图库中选择头像。请再试一次,并同意权限。" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }); } }); //权限请求的回调 @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); MPermissionUtils.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); } //对uri进行获取 @Override public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && (data != null || requestCode == CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE)) { switch (requestCode) { case IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE://版本<7.0 图库返回 //获取图片的全路径 Uri uri = data.getData(); Log.e("ImagUri", uri.getPath()); //进行图像裁剪 sartPhotoZoom(uri); break; case IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE_GE7://版本>= 7.0 图库返回 //获取文件路径 String strPath = GetImagePath.getPath(mActivityContext, data.getData()); if (strPath!=null) { File imgFile = new File(strPath); //通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri Uri dataUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivityContext, "com.example.hote.fileprovider", imgFile); Log.e("ImagUri", dataUri.getPath()); //进行图像裁剪 startPhotoZoom(dataUri); } else { Toast.makeText(mActivityContext, "选择图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE://相机的返回 Uri inputUrl; if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.N){ //Android7.0及以上 //通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri inputUrl=FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivityContext,"com.example.hote.fileprovider",mCameraFile); }else { //Android7.0以下 inputUrl=Uri.fromFile(mCameraFile); } } else { Toast.makeText(mActivityContext, "操作失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
第六: 运行结果
到这里也算告一段落,现在我们已经拿到图片的uri。剩下的图片裁剪和上传,在这里:Android实现图片裁剪和上传
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。
赞 (0)