python实现桌面气泡提示功能

在写桌面软件时，通常会使用到托盘上的泡泡提示功能，让我们来看看使用python如何实现这个小功能。

一、Linux系统

在Linux上，实现一个气泡提示非常简单，使用GTK实现的pynotify模块提供了些功能，我的环境是Ubuntu，默认安装此模块，如果没有，下载源文件编译安装一个。实现代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8

import pynotify

pynotify.init ("Bubble@Linux")
bubble_notify = pynotify.Notification ("Linux上的泡泡提示", "看，比Windows上实现方便多了！")
bubble_notify.show ()

效果：

二、Windows下的实现

Windows下实现是比较复杂的，没有pynotify这样一个模块，找到了一个还算不错的模块（地址），这个类有些语法上的小问题，至少在python2.6下如此，需要修改一下，如下是修改后的代码），基本可用，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#gtkPopupNotify.py
#
# Copyright 2009 Daniel Woodhouse
# modified by NickCis 2010 http://github.com/NickCis/gtkPopupNotify
# Modifications:
#     Added: * Corner support (notifications can be displayed in all corners
#        * Use of gtk Stock items or pixbuf to render images in notifications
#        * Posibility of use fixed height
#        * Posibility of use image as background
#        * Not displaying over Windows taskbar(taken from emesene gpl v3)
#        * y separation.
#        * font description options
#        * Callbacks For left, middle and right click
#
#This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
#(at your option) any later version.
#
#This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
#GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
#You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
#along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import os
import gtk
import pango
import gobject

# This code is used only on Windows to get the location on the taskbar
# Taken from emesene Notifications (Gpl v3)
taskbarOffsety = 0
taskbarOffsetx = 0
if os.name == "nt":
  import ctypes
  from ctypes.wintypes import RECT, DWORD
  user = ctypes.windll.user32
  MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY = 1
  HMONITOR = 1

  class MONITORINFO(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
      ('cbSize', DWORD),
      ('rcMonitor', RECT),
      ('rcWork', RECT),
      ('dwFlags', DWORD)
      ]

  taskbarSide = "bottom"
  taskbarOffset = 30
  info = MONITORINFO()
  info.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(info)
  info.dwFlags = MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY
  user.GetMonitorInfoW(HMONITOR, ctypes.byref(info))
  if info.rcMonitor.bottom != info.rcWork.bottom:
    taskbarOffsety = info.rcMonitor.bottom - info.rcWork.bottom
  if info.rcMonitor.top != info.rcWork.top:
    taskbarSide = "top"
    taskbarOffsety = info.rcWork.top - info.rcMonitor.top
  if info.rcMonitor.left != info.rcWork.left:
    taskbarSide = "left"
    taskbarOffsetx = info.rcWork.left - info.rcMonitor.left
  if info.rcMonitor.right != info.rcWork.right:
    taskbarSide = "right"
    taskbarOffsetx = info.rcMonitor.right - info.rcWork.right

class NotificationStack:

  def __init__(self, size_x=300, size_y=-1, timeout=5, corner=(False, False), sep_y=0):
    """
    Create a new notification stack. The recommended way to create Popup instances.
     Parameters:
      `size_x` : The desired width of the notifications.
      `size_y` : The desired minimum height of the notifications. If it isn't set,
      or setted to None, the size will automatically adjust
      `timeout` : Popup instance will disappear after this timeout if there
      is no human intervention. This can be overridden temporarily by passing
      a new timout to the new_popup method.
      `coner` : 2 Value tuple: (true if left, True if top)
      `sep_y` : y distance to separate notifications from each other
    """
    self.size_x = size_x
    self.size_y = -1
    if (size_y == None):
      pass
    else:
       size_y
    self.timeout = timeout
    self.corner = corner
    self.sep_y = sep_y
    """
    Other parameters:
    These will take effect for every popup created after the change.

      `edge_offset_y` : distance from the bottom of the screen and
      the bottom of the stack.
      `edge_offset_x` : distance from the right edge of the screen and
      the side of the stack.
      `max_popups` : The maximum number of popups to be shown on the screen
      at one time.
      `bg_color` : if None default is used (usually grey). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.
      `bg_pixmap` : Pixmap to use as background of notification. You can set a gtk.gdk.Pixmap
      or a path to a image. If none, the color background will be displayed.
      `bg_mask` : If a gtk.gdk.pixmap is specified under bg_pixmap, the mask of the pixmap has to be setted here.
      `fg_color` : if None default is used (usually black). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.
      `show_timeout` : if True, a countdown till destruction will be displayed.
      `close_but` : if True, the close button will be displayed.
      `fontdesc` : a 3 value Tuple containing the pango.FontDescriptions of the Header, message and counter
       (in that order). If a string is suplyed, it will be used for the 3 the same FontDescription.
       http://doc.stoq.com.br/devel/pygtk/class-pangofontdescription.html
    """
    self.edge_offset_x = 0
    self.edge_offset_y = 0
    self.max_popups = 5
    self.fg_color = None
    self.bg_color = None
    self.bg_pixmap = None
    self.bg_mask = None
    self.show_timeout = False
    self.close_but = True
    self.fontdesc = ("Sans Bold 14", "Sans 12", "Sans 10")

    self._notify_stack = []
    self._offset = 0

  def new_popup(self, title, message, image=None, leftCb=None, middleCb=None, rightCb=None):
    """Create a new Popup instance."""
    if len(self._notify_stack) == self.max_popups:
      self._notify_stack[0].hide_notification()
    self._notify_stack.append(Popup(self, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb))
    self._offset += self._notify_stack[-1].y

  def destroy_popup_cb(self, popup):
    self._notify_stack.remove(popup)
    #move popups down if required
    offset = 0
    for note in self._notify_stack:
      offset = note.reposition(offset, self)
    self._offset = offset

class Popup(gtk.Window):
  def __init__(self, stack, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb):
    gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=gtk.WINDOW_POPUP)

    self.leftclickCB = leftCb
    self.middleclickCB = middleCb
    self.rightclickCB = rightCb    

    self.set_size_request(stack.size_x, stack.size_y)
    self.set_decorated(False)
    self.set_deletable(False)
    self.set_property("skip-pager-hint", True)
    self.set_property("skip-taskbar-hint", True)
    self.connect("enter-notify-event", self.on_hover, True)
    self.connect("leave-notify-event", self.on_hover, False)
    self.set_opacity(0.2)
    self.destroy_cb = stack.destroy_popup_cb

    if type(stack.fontdesc) == tuple or type(stack.fontdesc) == list:
      fontH, fontM, fontC = stack.fontdesc
    else:
      fontH = fontM = fontC = stack.fontdesc

    main_box = gtk.VBox()
    header_box = gtk.HBox()
    self.header = gtk.Label()
    self.header.set_markup("<b>%s</b>" % title)
    self.header.set_padding(3, 3)
    self.header.set_alignment(0, 0)
    try:
      self.header.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontH))
    except Exception, e:
      print e
    header_box.pack_start(self.header, True, True, 5)
    if stack.close_but:
      close_button = gtk.Image()

      close_button.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_CANCEL, gtk.ICON_SIZE_BUTTON)
      close_button.set_padding(3, 3)
      close_window = gtk.EventBox()
      close_window.set_visible_window(False)
      close_window.connect("button-press-event", self.hide_notification)
      close_window.add(close_button)
      header_box.pack_end(close_window, False, False)
    main_box.pack_start(header_box)

    body_box = gtk.HBox()
    if image is not None:
      self.image = gtk.Image()
      self.image.set_size_request(70, 70)
      self.image.set_alignment(0, 0)
      if image in gtk.stock_list_ids():
        self.image.set_from_stock(image, gtk.ICON_SIZE_DIALOG)
      elif type(image) == gtk.gdk.Pixbuf:
        self.image.set_from_pixbuf(image)
      else:
        self.image.set_from_file(image)
      body_box.pack_start(self.image, False, False, 5)
    self.message = gtk.Label()
    self.message.set_property("wrap", True)
    self.message.set_size_request(stack.size_x - 90, -1)
    self.message.set_alignment(0, 0)
    self.message.set_padding(5, 10)
    self.message.set_markup(message)
    try:
      self.message.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontM))
    except Exception, e:
      print e
    self.counter = gtk.Label()
    self.counter.set_alignment(1, 1)
    self.counter.set_padding(3, 3)
    try:
      self.counter.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontC))
    except Exception, e:
      print e
    self.timeout = stack.timeout

    body_box.pack_start(self.message, True, False, 5)
    body_box.pack_end(self.counter, False, False, 5)
    main_box.pack_start(body_box)
    eventbox = gtk.EventBox()
    eventbox.set_property('visible-window', False)
    eventbox.set_events(gtk.gdk.BUTTON_PRESS_MASK)
    eventbox.connect("button_press_event", self.onClick)
    eventbox.add(main_box)
    self.add(eventbox)
    if stack.bg_pixmap is not None:
      if not type(stack.bg_pixmap) == gtk.gdk.Pixmap:
        stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file(stack.bg_pixmap).render_pixmap_and_mask()
      self.set_app_paintable(True)
      self.connect_after("realize", self.callbackrealize, stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask)
    elif stack.bg_color is not None:
      self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.bg_color)
    if stack.fg_color is not None:
      self.message.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
      self.header.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
      self.counter.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
    self.show_timeout = stack.show_timeout
    self.hover = False
    self.show_all()
    self.x, self.y = self.size_request()
    #Not displaying over windows bar
    if os.name == 'nt':
      if stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == "left":
        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx
      elif not stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == 'right':
        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx
      if stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == "top":
        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety
      elif not stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == 'bottom':
        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety

    if stack.corner[0]:
      posx = stack.edge_offset_x
    else:
      posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x
    sep_y = 0
    if (stack._offset == 0):
      pass
    else:
       stack.sep_y
    self.y += sep_y
    if stack.corner[1]:
      posy = stack._offset + stack.edge_offset_y + sep_y
    else:
      posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height()- self.y - stack._offset - stack.edge_offset_y
    self.move(posx, posy)
    self.fade_in_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_in)

  def reposition(self, offset, stack):
    """Move the notification window down, when an older notification is removed"""
    if stack.corner[0]:
      posx = stack.edge_offset_x
    else:
      posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x
    if stack.corner[1]:
      posy = offset + stack.edge_offset_y
      new_offset = self.y + offset
    else:
      new_offset = self.y + offset
      posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height() - new_offset - stack.edge_offset_y + stack.sep_y
    self.move(posx, posy)
    return new_offset

  def fade_in(self):
    opacity = self.get_opacity()
    opacity += 0.15
    if opacity >= 1:
      self.wait_timer = gobject.timeout_add(1000, self.wait)
      return False
    self.set_opacity(opacity)
    return True

  def wait(self):
    if not self.hover:
      self.timeout -= 1
    if self.show_timeout:
      self.counter.set_markup(str("<b>%s</b>" % self.timeout))
    if self.timeout == 0:
      self.fade_out_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_out)
      return False
    return True

  def fade_out(self):
    opacity = self.get_opacity()
    opacity -= 0.10
    if opacity <= 0:
      self.in_progress = False
      self.hide_notification()
      return False
    self.set_opacity(opacity)
    return True

  def on_hover(self, window, event, hover):
    """Starts/Stops the notification timer on a mouse in/out event"""
    self.hover = hover

  def hide_notification(self, *args):
    """Destroys the notification and tells the stack to move the
    remaining notification windows"""
    for timer in ("fade_in_timer", "fade_out_timer", "wait_timer"):
      if hasattr(self, timer):
        gobject.source_remove(getattr(self, timer))
    self.destroy()
    self.destroy_cb(self)

  def callbackrealize(self, widget, pixmap, mask=False):
    #width, height = pixmap.get_size()
    #self.resize(width, height)
    if mask is not False:
      self.shape_combine_mask(mask, 0, 0)
    self.window.set_back_pixmap(pixmap, False)
    return True

  def onClick(self, widget, event):
    if event.button == 1 and self.leftclickCB != None:
      self.leftclickCB()
      self.hide_notification()
    if event.button == 2 and self.middleclickCB != None:
      self.middleclickCB()
      self.hide_notification()
    if event.button == 3 and self.rightclickCB != None:
      self.rightclickCB()
      self.hide_notification()

if __name__ == "__main__":
  #example usage

  def notify_factory():
    color = ("green", "blue")
    image = "logo1_64.png"
    notifier.bg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[0])
    notifier.fg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[1])
    notifier.show_timeout = True
    notifier.edge_offset_x = 20
    notifier.edge_offset_y = 30
    notifier.new_popup("Windows上的泡泡提示", "NND，比Linux下复杂多了，效果还不怎么样", image=image)
    return True

  def gtk_main_quit():
    print "quitting"
    gtk.main_quit()

  notifier = NotificationStack(timeout=1)
  gobject.timeout_add(4000, notify_factory)
  gobject.timeout_add(8000, gtk_main_quit)
  gtk.main()

效果如下：

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