python获取linux系统信息的三种示例

方法一：psutil模块

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import socket
import psutil
class NodeResource(object):
  def get_host_info(self):
    host_name = socket.gethostname()
    return {'host_name':host_name}

  def get_cpu_state(self):
    cpu_count = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
    cpu_percent =(str)(psutil.cpu_percent(1))+'%'
    return {'cpu_count':cpu_count,'cpu_percent':cpu_percent}

  def get_memory_state(self):
    mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
    mem_total = mem.total / 1024 / 1024
    mem_free = mem.available /1024/1024
    mem_percent = '%s%%'%mem.percent
    return {'mem_toal':mem_total,'mem_free':mem_free,'mem_percent':mem_percent}

  def get_disk_state(self):
    disk_stat = psutil.disk_usage('/')
    disk_total = disk_stat.total
    disk_free = disk_stat.free
    disk_percent = '%s%%'%disk_stat.percent
    return {'mem_toal': disk_total, 'mem_free': disk_free, 'mem_percent': disk_percent}

方法二：proc

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
import os
from multiprocessing import cpu_count

class NodeResource(object):

  def usage_percent(self,use, total):
    # 返回百分占比
    try:
      ret = int(float(use)/ total * 100)
    except ZeroDivisionError:
      raise Exception("ERROR - zero division error")
    return '%s%%'%ret

  @property
  def cpu_stat(self,interval = 1):

    cpu_num = cpu_count()
    with open("/proc/stat", "r") as f:
      line = f.readline()
      spl = line.split(" ")
      worktime_1 = sum([int(i) for i in spl[2:]])
      idletime_1 = int(spl[5])
    time.sleep(interval)
    with open("/proc/stat", "r") as f:
      line = f.readline()
      spl = line.split(" ")
      worktime_2 = sum([int(i) for i in spl[2:]])
      idletime_2 = int(spl[5])

    dworktime = (worktime_2 - worktime_1)
    didletime = (idletime_2 - idletime_1)
    cpu_percent = self.usage_percent(dworktime - didletime,didletime)
    return {'cpu_count':cpu_num,'cpu_percent':cpu_percent}

  @property
  def disk_stat(self):
    hd = {}
    disk = os.statvfs("/")
    hd['available'] = disk.f_bsize * disk.f_bfree
    hd['capacity'] = disk.f_bsize * disk.f_blocks
    hd['used'] = hd['capacity'] - hd['available']
    hd['used_percent'] = self.usage_percent(hd['used'], hd['capacity'])
    return hd

  @property
  def memory_stat(self):
    mem = {}
    with open("/proc/meminfo") as f:
      for line in f:
        line = line.strip()
        if len(line) < 2: continue
        name = line.split(':')[0]
        var = line.split(':')[1].split()[0]
        mem[name] = long(var) * 1024.0
      mem['MemUsed'] = mem['MemTotal'] - mem['MemFree'] - mem['Buffers'] - mem['Cached']
    mem['used_percent'] = self.usage_percent(mem['MemUsed'],mem['MemTotal'])
    return {'MemUsed':mem['MemUsed'],'MemTotal':mem['MemTotal'],'used_percent':mem['used_percent']}

nr = NodeResource()

print nr.cpu_stat
print '=================='
print nr.disk_stat
print '=================='
print nr.memory_stat

方法三：subprocess

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os,sys

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
def getIfconfig():
  p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
  data = p.stdout.read()
  return data

''' 获取 dmidecode 命令的输出 '''
def getDmi():
  p = Popen(['dmidecode'], stdout = PIPE)
  data = p.stdout.read()
  return data

''' 根据空行分段落 返回段落列表'''
def parseData(data):
  parsed_data = []
  new_line = ''
  data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i]
  for line in data:
    if line[0].strip():
      parsed_data.append(new_line)
      new_line = line + '\n'
    else:
      new_line += line + '\n'
  parsed_data.append(new_line)
  return [i for i in parsed_data if i]

''' 根据输入的段落数据分析出ifconfig的每个网卡ip信息 '''
def parseIfconfig(parsed_data):
  dic = {}
  parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if not i.startswith('lo')]
  for lines in parsed_data:
    line_list = lines.split('\n')
    devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
    macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
    ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
    break
  dic['ip'] = ipaddr
  return dic

''' 根据输入的dmi段落数据 分析出指定参数 '''
def parseDmi(parsed_data):
  dic = {}
  parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('System Information')]
  parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
  dmi_dic = dict([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
  dic['vender'] = dmi_dic['Manufacturer'].strip()
  dic['product'] = dmi_dic['Product Name'].strip()
  dic['sn'] = dmi_dic['Serial Number'].strip()
  return dic

''' 获取Linux系统主机名称 '''
def getHostname():
  with open('/etc/sysconfig/network') as fd:
    for line in fd:
      if line.startswith('HOSTNAME'):
        hostname = line.split('=')[1].strip()
        break
  return {'hostname':hostname}

''' 获取Linux系统的版本信息 '''
def getOsVersion():
  with open('/etc/issue') as fd:
    for line in fd:
      osver = line.strip()
      break
  return {'osver':osver}

''' 获取CPU的型号和CPU的核心数 '''
def getCpu():
  num = 0
  with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as fd:
    for line in fd:
      if line.startswith('processor'):
        num += 1
      if line.startswith('model name'):
        cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].strip().split()
        cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' ' + cpu_model[2] + ' ' + cpu_model[-1]
  return {'cpu_num':num, 'cpu_model':cpu_model}

''' 获取Linux系统的总物理内存 '''
def getMemory():
  with open('/proc/meminfo') as fd:
    for line in fd:
      if line.startswith('MemTotal'):
        mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
        break
  mem = '%.f' % (mem / 1024.0) + ' MB'
  return {'Memory':mem}

if __name__ == '__main__':
  dic = {}
  data_ip = getIfconfig()
  parsed_data_ip = parseData(data_ip)
  ip = parseIfconfig(parsed_data_ip)

  data_dmi = getDmi()
  parsed_data_dmi = parseData(data_dmi)
  dmi = parseDmi(parsed_data_dmi)

  hostname = getHostname()
  osver = getOsVersion()
  cpu = getCpu()
  mem = getMemory()

  dic.update(ip)
  dic.update(dmi)
  dic.update(hostname)
  dic.update(osver)
  dic.update(cpu)
  dic.update(mem)

  ''' 将获取到的所有数据信息并按简单格式对齐显示 '''
  for k,v in dic.items():
    print '%-10s:%s' % (k, v)

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import time

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
# def getIfconfig():
#   p = Popen(['ipconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
#   data = p.stdout.read()
#   data = data.decode('cp936').encode('utf-8')
#   return data
#
# print(getIfconfig())

p = Popen(['top -n 2 -d |grep Cpu'],stdout= PIPE,shell=True)
data = p.stdout.read()
info = data.split('\n')[1]
info_list = info.split()
cpu_percent ='%s%%'%int(float(info_list[1])+float(info_list[3]))
print cpu_percent

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