python Paramiko使用示例

Paramiko 是由 Python 语言编写的一个扩展模块，提供了基于 SSHv2 协议 （包括客户端和服务端）的多种功能实现。通常被用来远程控制类 UNIX 系统。

Paramiko 可以直接使用 pip 命令安装：

$ pip install paramiko

此处不作过多介绍，参考后文中的代码示例。

远程执行 Linux 命令

代码如下：

import paramiko

# 初始化 SSH 客户端，通过用户名密码连接至远程服务器
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)
client.connect(hostname='remoteserver_ip', username='username', password='password')

# 通过 RSA 秘钥验证的方式连接至远程 SSH 服务
# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('~/.ssh/id_rsa')
# client.connect(hostname="remoteserver_ip", username="username", pkey=private_key)

# 远程执行 df -h 命令并打印输出
stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('df -h')
print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))

client.close()

运行效果如下：

SFTP 文件传输

示例代码如下：

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname_or_ip', port))

# 通过用户名密码完成验证建立连接
transport.connect(username='username', password='password')

# 通过 RSA 私钥文件完成验证建立连接
# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/path/to/private_key_file')
# transport.connect(username='username', pkey=private_key)

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

localpath = "localfile"
remotepath = "remotefile_fullpath"
sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)
print("Successfully uploaded")

transport.close()

综合示例

代码如下（文件名 ssh_connection.py ）：

import paramiko
import getpass
import os

class SSHConnection():

  def __init__(self, user, host, port=22, password=''):
    self.username = user
    self.host = host
    self.port = port
    self.password = password
    self.keyfile = self.get_keyfile()

  def get_keyfile(self, path=os.getcwd()):
    default_keyfile = os.path.join(
      os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

    if 'id_rsa' in os.listdir(path):
      keyfile = os.path.join(path, 'id_rsa')
    elif os.path.isfile(default_keyfile):
      keyfile = default_keyfile
    else:
      keyfile = ''

    return keyfile

  def connect(self):
    transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))

    if self.password:
      transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password)
    elif self.keyfile:
      transport.connect(
        username=self.username,
        pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(self.keyfile))
    else:
      password = getpass.getpass(
        "Password for %s@%s: " % (self.username, self.host))
      transport.connect(username=self.username, password=password)

    self._transport = transport

    print("Connected to %s as %s" % (self.host, self.username))

  def close(self):
    self._transport.close()

  def run_cmd(self, command):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh._transport = self._transport

    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
    res = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
    error = stderr.read().decode('utf-8')

    if error.strip():
      return error
    else:
      return res

  def trans_file(self, localpath, remotepath, method=''):
    sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self._transport)
    if method == 'put':
      sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)
      print("File %s has uploaded to %s" % (localpath, remotepath))
    elif method == 'get':
      sftp.get(remotepath, localpath)
      print("File %s has saved as %s" % (remotepath, localpath))
    else:
      print('usage: trans_file(localpath, remotepath, method="get/put"')

  def __del__(self):
    self.close()

测试结果如下：

(python3) D:\Program\python\devops>python
Python 3.7.2 (default, Jan 2 2019, 17:07:39) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from ssh_connection import SSHConnection
>>> client = SSHConnection('starky','127.0.0.1')
>>> client.connect()
Connected to 127.0.0.1 as starky
>>> client.run_cmd('uname -a')
'Linux server1 5.0.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 24 09:32:09 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\n'
>>> client.trans_file('id_rsa.pub', '/home/starky/id_rsa.pub', method='put')
File id_rsa.pub has uploaded to /home/starky/id_rsa.pub
>>> client.run_cmd('ls -l /home/starky/id_rsa.pub')
'-rw-rw-r-- 1 starky starky 410 7月 20 15:01 /home/starky/id_rsa.pub\n'
>>> exit()

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