python实现简单的俄罗斯方块

本文实例为大家分享了python实现简单的俄罗斯方块的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

1. 案例介绍

俄罗斯方块是由 4 个小方块组成不同形状的板块，随机从屏幕上方落下，按方向键调整板块的位置和方向，在底部拼出完整的一行或几行。这些完整的横条会消失，给新落下来的板块腾出空间，并获得分数奖励。没有被消除掉的方块不断堆积，一旦堆到顶端，便告输，游戏结束。本例难度为高级，适合具有 Python 进阶和 Pygame 编程技巧的用户学习。

2. 设计要点

边框――由 15*25 个空格组成，方块就落在这里面。盒子――组成方块的其中小方块，是组成方块的基本单元。方块――从边框顶掉下的东西，游戏者可以翻转和改变位置。每个方块由 4 个盒子组成。形状――不同类型的方块。这里形状的名字被叫做 T, S, Z ,J, L, I , O。如下图所示：

模版――用一个列表存放形状被翻转后的所有可能样式。全部存放在变量里，变量名字如 S or J。着陆――当一个方块到达边框的底部或接触到在其他的盒子话，就说这个方块着陆了。那样的话，另一个方块就会开始下落。

3. 示例效果

4. 示例源码

import pygame
import random
import os
 
pygame.init()
 
GRID_WIDTH = 20
GRID_NUM_WIDTH = 15
GRID_NUM_HEIGHT = 25
WIDTH, HEIGHT = GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_HEIGHT
SIDE_WIDTH = 200
SCREEN_WIDTH = WIDTH + SIDE_WIDTH
WHITE = (0xff, 0xff, 0xff)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
LINE_COLOR = (0x33, 0x33, 0x33)
 
CUBE_COLORS = [
    (0xcc, 0x99, 0x99), (0xff, 0xff, 0x99), (0x66, 0x66, 0x99),
    (0x99, 0x00, 0x66), (0xff, 0xcc, 0x00), (0xcc, 0x00, 0x33),
    (0xff, 0x00, 0x33), (0x00, 0x66, 0x99), (0xff, 0xff, 0x33),
    (0x99, 0x00, 0x33), (0xcc, 0xff, 0x66), (0xff, 0x99, 0x00)
]
 
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 30
 
score = 0
level = 1
 
screen_color_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)]
 
# 设置游戏的根目录为当前文件夹
base_folder = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 
 
def show_text(surf, text, size, x, y, color=WHITE):
    font_name = os.path.join(base_folder, 'font/font.ttc')
    font = pygame.font.Font(font_name, size)
    text_surface = font.render(text, True, color)
    text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
    text_rect.midtop = (x, y)
    surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect)
class CubeShape(object):
    SHAPES = ['I', 'J', 'L', 'O', 'S', 'T', 'Z']
    I = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)],
         [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)]]
    J = [[(-2, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1)],
         [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)],
         [(0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)],
         [(0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)]]
    L = [[(-2, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1)],
         [(1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)],
         [(0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0)],
         [(0, -2), (0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0)]]
    O = [[(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]]
    S = [[(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)],
         [(1, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), (0, 1)]]
    T = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0)],
         [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)],
         [(0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0)],
         [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1)]]
    Z = [[(0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)],
         [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)]]
    SHAPES_WITH_DIR = {
        'I': I, 'J': J, 'L': L, 'O': O, 'S': S, 'T': T, 'Z': Z
    }
    def __init__(self):
        self.shape = self.SHAPES[random.randint(0, len(self.SHAPES) - 1)]
        # 骨牌所在的行列
        self.center = (2, GRID_NUM_WIDTH // 2)
        self.dir = random.randint(0, len(self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape]) - 1)
        self.color = CUBE_COLORS[random.randint(0, len(CUBE_COLORS) - 1)]
    def get_all_gridpos(self, center=None):
        curr_shape = self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape][self.dir]
        if center is None:
            center = [self.center[0], self.center[1]]
        return [(cube[0] + center[0], cube[1] + center[1])
                for cube in curr_shape]
    def conflict(self, center):
        for cube in self.get_all_gridpos(center):
            # 超出屏幕之外，说明不合法
            if cube[0] < 0 or cube[1] < 0 or cube[0] >= GRID_NUM_HEIGHT or \
                    cube[1] >= GRID_NUM_WIDTH:
                return True
            # 不为None，说明之前已经有小方块存在了，也不合法
            if screen_color_matrix[cube[0]][cube[1]] is not None:
                return True
        return False
    def rotate(self):
        new_dir = self.dir + 1
        new_dir %= len(self.SHAPES_WITH_DIR[self.shape])
        old_dir = self.dir
        self.dir = new_dir
        if self.conflict(self.center):
            self.dir = old_dir
            return False
    def down(self):
        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
        center = (self.center[0] + 1, self.center[1])
        if self.conflict(center):
            return False
        self.center = center
        return True
    def left(self):
        center = (self.center[0], self.center[1] - 1)
        if self.conflict(center):
            return False
        self.center = center
        return True
    def right(self):
        center = (self.center[0], self.center[1] + 1)
        if self.conflict(center):
            return False
        self.center = center
        return True
    def draw(self):
        for cube in self.get_all_gridpos():
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color,
                             (cube[1] * GRID_WIDTH, cube[0] * GRID_WIDTH,
                              GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH))
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE,
                             (cube[1] * GRID_WIDTH, cube[0] * GRID_WIDTH,
                              GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH),
                             1)
def draw_grids():
    for i in range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH):
        pygame.draw.line(screen, LINE_COLOR,
                         (i * GRID_WIDTH, 0), (i * GRID_WIDTH, HEIGHT))
    for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT):
        pygame.draw.line(screen, LINE_COLOR,
                         (0, i * GRID_WIDTH), (WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH))
    pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE,
                     (GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, 0),
                     (GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH * GRID_NUM_HEIGHT))
def draw_matrix():
    for i, row in zip(range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT), screen_color_matrix):
        for j, color in zip(range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH), row):
            if color is not None:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, color,
                                 (j * GRID_WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH,
                                  GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH))
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE,
                                 (j * GRID_WIDTH, i * GRID_WIDTH,
                                  GRID_WIDTH, GRID_WIDTH), 2)
def draw_score():
    show_text(screen, u'得分：{}'.format(score), 20, WIDTH + SIDE_WIDTH // 2, 100)
def remove_full_line():
    global screen_color_matrix
    global score
    global level
    new_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)]
    index = GRID_NUM_HEIGHT - 1
    n_full_line = 0
    for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT - 1, -1, -1):
        is_full = True
        for j in range(GRID_NUM_WIDTH):
            if screen_color_matrix[i][j] is None:
                is_full = False
                continue
        if not is_full:
            new_matrix[index] = screen_color_matrix[i]
            index -= 1
        else:
            n_full_line += 1
    score += n_full_line
    level = score // 20 + 1
    screen_color_matrix = new_matrix
def show_welcome(screen):
    show_text(screen, u'俄罗斯方块', 30, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2)
    show_text(screen, u'按任意键开始游戏', 20, WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 + 50)
running = True
gameover = True
counter = 0
live_cube = None
while running:
    clock.tick(FPS)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if gameover:
                gameover = False
                live_cube = CubeShape()
                break
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                live_cube.left()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                live_cube.right()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                live_cube.down()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                live_cube.rotate()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                while live_cube.down() == True:
                    pass
            remove_full_line()
    # level 是为了方便游戏的难度，level 越高 FPS // level 的值越小
    # 这样屏幕刷新的就越快，难度就越大
    if gameover is False and counter % (FPS // level) == 0:
        # down 表示下移骨牌，返回False表示下移不成功，可能超过了屏幕或者和之前固定的
        # 小方块冲突了
        if live_cube.down() == False:
            for cube in live_cube.get_all_gridpos():
                screen_color_matrix[cube[0]][cube[1]] = live_cube.color
            live_cube = CubeShape()
            if live_cube.conflict(live_cube.center):
                gameover = True
                score = 0
                live_cube = None
                screen_color_matrix = [[None] * GRID_NUM_WIDTH for i in range(GRID_NUM_HEIGHT)]
        # 消除满行
        remove_full_line()
    counter += 1
    # 更新屏幕
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    draw_grids()
    draw_matrix()
    draw_score()
    if live_cube is not None:
        live_cube.draw()
    if gameover:
        show_welcome(screen)
    pygame.display.update()

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