C#开发Winform程序调用存储过程
数据表及数据准备:
create table Member ( MemberId int primary key identity(1,1), MemberAccount nvarchar(20) unique, MemberPwd nvarchar(20), MemberName nvarchar(20), MemberPhone nvarchar(20) ) truncate table Member insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values('liubei','123456','刘备','4659874564') insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values('guanyu','123456','关羽','42354234124') insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values('zhangfei','123456','张飞','41253445') insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values('zhangyun','123456','赵云','75675676547') insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values('machao','123456','马超','532523523')
本文以下内容都借助于前面封装的DBHelper类
一、调用exec语句执行存储过程
由于在SQL SERVER内部调用存储过程使用的方式是:
exec 存储过程名 参数1,参数2,参数3...
所以我们可以在C#中调用exec的sql语句,让此sql语句去调用存储过程,严格来说,此种方式并不能称之为C#调用存储过程,本质上仍然是调用的sql语句。
示例:
需求:采用调用存储过程的方式实现数据的显示以及数据的新增。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--查询Member表所有数据的存储(没有参数) create proc procSelectMember as select * from Member go exec procSelectMember --添加会员信息(有输入参数) create proc procInsertMember @acc nvarchar(20), @pwd nvarchar(20), @memName nvarchar(20), @memPhone nvarchar(20) as insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values(@acc,@pwd,@memName,@memPhone) go exec procInsertMember 'sunwukong','123456','孙悟空','13554856985'
数据显示C#代码:
private void BindData() { DBHelper.PrepareSql("exec procSelectMember"); this.dataGridView1.DataSource = DBHelper.ExecQuery(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { BindData(); }
数据新增C#代码:
private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DBHelper.PrepareSql(string.Format("exec procInsertMember '{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}'" ,this.txtAccount.Text,this.txtPwd.Text,this.txtNickName.Text,this.txtPhone.Text)); DBHelper.ExecNonQuery(); }
二、直接调用存储过程
调用存储过程需要将CommandType执行命令类型设置为CommandType.StoredProcedure存储过程。
(1)调用没有参数的存储过程
需求:实现数据的显示。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--查询Member表所有数据的存储(没有参数) create proc procSelectMember as select * from Member go --调用 exec procSelectMember
为了支持存储过程,给DBHelper添加方法:
public static void PrepareProc(string sql) { OpenConn(); //打开数据库连接 adp = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn); adp.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; }
窗体代码:
private void BindData() { DBHelper.PrepareProc("procSelectMember"); this.dataGridView1.DataSource = DBHelper.ExecQuery(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { BindData(); }
(2)调用有输入参数的存储过程
需求:实现数据的新增。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--添加会员信息(有输入参数) create proc procInsertMember @acc nvarchar(20), @pwd nvarchar(20), @memName nvarchar(20), @memPhone nvarchar(20) as insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values(@acc,@pwd,@memName,@memPhone) go --调用 exec procInsertMember 'sunwukong','123456','孙悟空','13554856985'
窗体代码:
private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DBHelper.PrepareProc("procInsertMember"); DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text); DBHelper.SetParameter("pwd",this.txtPwd.Text); DBHelper.SetParameter("memName", this.txtNickName.Text); DBHelper.SetParameter("memPhone", this.txtPhone.Text); DBHelper.ExecNonQuery(); }
(3)调用有输入和输出参数的存储过程
需求:输入用户名,点击"查询电话"按钮,在下面显示姓名和号码。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程:
--根据账号查询姓名和电话(有输入参数,有输出参数) create proc procGetInfoByAcc @acc nvarchar(20), @memName nvarchar(20) output, @phone nvarchar(20) output as select @memName = (select MemberName from Member where MemberAccount=@acc) select @phone = (select MemberPhone from Member where MemberAccount=@acc) go --调用 declare @name nvarchar(20) declare @phone nvarchar(20) exec procGetInfoByAcc 'machao',@name output,@phone output select @name,@phone
为了支持输出参数,给DBHelper添加方法:
/// <summary> /// 设置输出参数(不指定长度,适合非字符串) /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterName">参数名称</param> /// <param name="dbType">参数类型</param> public static void SetOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType) { parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim(); SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType); parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter); } /// <summary> /// 设置输出参数(指定长度,适合字符串) /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterName">参数名称</param> /// <param name="dbType">参数类型</param> /// <param name="size">参数长度</param> public static void SetOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType, int size) { parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim(); SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType, size); parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter); } /// <summary> /// 获取参数内容值 /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterName">参数名称</param> /// <returns>参数值</returns> public static object GetParameter(string parameterName) { parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim(); return adp.SelectCommand.Parameters[parameterName].Value; }
窗体代码:
private void btSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DBHelper.PrepareProc("procGetInfoByAcc"); DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text); DBHelper.SetOutParameter("memName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20); DBHelper.SetOutParameter("phone", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20); DBHelper.ExecNonQuery(); this.lblName.Text = "姓名:" + DBHelper.GetParameter("memName").ToString(); this.lblPhone.Text = "电话:" + DBHelper.GetParameter("phone").ToString(); }
(4)调用有输入输出参数的存储过程
需求:密码升级,传入用户名和密码;如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程(SQLSERVER中output参数直接传入值即可以做输入参数,也可以做输出参数):
--密码升级,传入用户名和密码,如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码 --有输入输出参数(密码作为输入参数也作为输出参数) select FLOOR(RAND()*10) --0-9之间随机数 create proc procPwdUpgrade @acc nvarchar(20), @pwd nvarchar(20) output as if not exists(select * from Member where MemberAccount=@acc and MemberPwd=@pwd) set @pwd = '' else begin if len(@pwd) < 8 begin declare @len int = 8- len(@pwd) declare @i int = 1 while @i <= @len begin set @pwd = @pwd + cast(FLOOR(RAND()*10) as varchar(1)) set @i = @i+1 end update Member set MemberPwd = @pwd where MemberAccount=@acc end end go --调用 declare @pwd nvarchar(20) = '123456' exec procPwdUpgrade 'liubei',@pwd output select @pwd
为了支持输入输出参数,给DBHelper添加方法:
/// <summary> /// 设置输入输出参数(不指定长度,适合非字符串) /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterName">参数名称</param> /// <param name="dbType">参数类型</param> public static void SetInOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType, object parameterValue) { parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim(); SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType); parameter.Value = parameterValue; parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.InputOutput; adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter); } /// <summary> /// 设置输入输出参数(指定长度,适合字符串) /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterName">参数名称</param> /// <param name="dbType">参数类型</param> /// <param name="size">参数长度</param> public static void SetInOutParameter(string parameterName, SqlDbType dbType, int size, object parameterValue) { parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim(); SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(parameterName, dbType, size); parameter.Value = parameterValue; parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.InputOutput; adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter); }
窗体代码:
//密码升级,传入用户名和密码, //如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码 private void btUpgrade_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DBHelper.PrepareProc("procPwdUpgrade"); DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text); DBHelper.SetInOutParameter("pwd", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20, this.txtPwd.Text); DBHelper.ExecNonQuery(); this.lblNewPwd.Text = DBHelper.GetParameter("pwd").ToString(); }
(5)调用有返回值的存储过程
SQLSERVER存储过程返回值只能是整数。
需求:实现数据的新增,由SQLSERVER返回执行的状态。
主要代码:
SQL存储过程代码:
--添加会员信息(有返回值) create proc procInsertMember @acc nvarchar(20), @pwd nvarchar(20), @memName nvarchar(20), @memPhone nvarchar(20) as insert into Member(MemberAccount,MemberPwd,MemberName,MemberPhone) values(@acc,@pwd,@memName,@memPhone) declare @myErr int = @@error if @myErr = 0 return 1 else if @myErr = 2627 --唯一约束 return -1 else return -100 go --调用 declare @return int exec @return = procInsertMember 'sunwukong','123456','孙悟空','13554854785' print @return
为了支持返回值,给DBHelper添加方法:
/// <summary> /// 设置返回值参数 /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterName">参数名称</param> public static void SetReturnParameter(string parameterName) { parameterName = "@" + parameterName.Trim(); SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter(); parameter.ParameterName = parameterName; parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue; adp.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(parameter); }
窗体代码:
private void btAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { DBHelper.PrepareProc("procInsertMember"); DBHelper.SetParameter("acc", this.txtAccount.Text); DBHelper.SetParameter("pwd", this.txtPwd.Text); DBHelper.SetParameter("memName", this.txtNickName.Text); DBHelper.SetParameter("memPhone", this.txtPhone.Text); DBHelper.SetReturnParameter("returnValue"); DBHelper.ExecNonQuery(); int result = (int)DBHelper.GetParameter("returnValue"); if (result == 1) MessageBox.Show("添加成功!"); } catch (Exception ex) { int result = (int)DBHelper.GetParameter("returnValue"); if (result == -1) MessageBox.Show("用户名重名了,违反了唯一约束!"); if (result == -100) MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } }
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