基于Pygame实现简单的贪吃蛇游戏

目录

• 导入相关的包
• 设置屏幕大小以及基本参数
• 设置贪吃蛇的位置，以及移动的大小
• 绘制蛇
• 让蛇动起来
• 实现贪吃蛇拐弯
• 实现随机食物
• 吃食物
• 完整代码 

导入相关的包

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

设置屏幕大小以及基本参数

设置屏幕大小为400*400，mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()用来设置时间同步，不会根据计算机的运行来决定运行多少次， mainClock.tick(1) 一秒只会运行一次，设置了屏幕的底色为白色。

# 定义屏幕的宽高
WIDTH = 400
HEIGHT = 400
# 初始化屏幕 设置窗口标题
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

pygame.init()
mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 定义使用的颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()

    surface.fill(WHITE)
    pygame.display.update()
    mainClock.tick(1)

设置贪吃蛇的位置，以及移动的大小

这里设置了贪吃蛇的长度和起始位置，和食物和蛇的宽度，这里必须设置为可以被食物和蛇的宽度整除的数，这样才能保证蛇能到任意的位置

# 设置蛇的初始长度
snakeWidth = 4
# 设置蛇的起始位置为（40，40）
snakeX = 40
snakeY = 40
# 食物和蛇的宽度设置为8
FOODSNAKEWIDTH = 8
# 定义四个方向
moveLeft = False
moveRight = False
moveUp = False
moveDown = False
# 定义初始的方向
moveRight = True

def getSnake():
    # 设置蛇的初始长度为4,并设置蛇的初始位置为(40,40)
    # 因为贪吃蛇会拐弯，所以将蛇设置为一个列表
    snake = []
    for i in range(snakeWidth):
        snake.append(pygame.Rect(snakeX + i * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, snakeY, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))
    return snake

# 贪吃蛇
snake = getSnake()

绘制蛇

surface.fill(WHITE)
for s in snake:
    pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, s)

让蛇动起来

这里将蛇列表最后一位移除，然后将第一位的位置根据方向加减坐标

    snake.pop()
    newTop = copy.deepcopy(snake[0])
    # 改变蛇的位置
    if moveRight:
        newTop.left += FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if moveLeft:
        newTop.left -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if moveUp:
        newTop.top -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if moveDown:
        newTop.top += FOODSNAKEWIDTH

    snake.insert(0, newTop)

这样会有一个问题，如果超出屏幕呢，我们将超出屏幕，那么就会消失，我们只需要你移动第一个元素的时候，如果超出则将元素移动另一个位置。

    # 改变蛇的位置
    if moveRight:
        if newTop.right == WIDTH:
            newTop.left = 0
        else:
            newTop.left += FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if moveLeft:
        if newTop.left == 0:
            newTop.right == WIDTH
        else:
            newTop.left -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if moveUp:
        if newTop.top == 0:
            newTop.bottom = HEIGHT
        else:
            newTop.top -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if moveDown:
        if newTop.bottom == HEIGHT:
            newTop.top = 0
        else:
            newTop.top += FOODSNAKEWIDTH

实现贪吃蛇拐弯

为了实现对应的功能，我们将方向变量改为一个变量，这样我们方便修改方向

# 定义四个方向
# moveLeft moveRight moveUp moveDown
# 定义初始的方向
snakeDirection = "moveRight"
  ----
  省略的代码
  ----
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_LEFT:
                if snakeDirection == "moveRight":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveLeft"
            if event.key == K_RIGHT:
                if snakeDirection == "moveLeft":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveRight"
            if event.key == K_UP:
                if snakeDirection == "moveDown":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveUp"
            if event.key == K_DOWN:
                if snakeDirection == "moveUp":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveDown"

为了方便看到效果，我将mainClock.tick(1) 设置为mainClock.tick(3)

实现随机食物

这里用了很啰嗦的代码，我自己也看不下去，有点含糊，这里为了简单只设计了一个食物，遍历屏幕上不是贪吃蛇的可以放食物的集合，然后随机生成一个食物。

    if len(foods) < foodnum:

        canFoodColl = []
        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合
        for x in range(sizeNum):
            for y in range(sizeNum):
                foodExist = True
                for sn in snake:
                    if x * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.left and y * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.top:
                        foodExist = False
                        break
                if foodExist:
                    canFoodColl.append({'x': x, 'y': y})
        f = canFoodColl[random.randint(0, len(canFoodColl))]
        foods.append(pygame.Rect(f['x'], f['y'], FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))

吃食物

这里用 colliderect判断二者是否相撞，然后食物集合置空，不减去贪吃蛇集合的最后一个元素。

    if len(foods) < foodnum:

        canFoodColl = []
        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合
        for x in range(sizeNum):
            for y in range(sizeNum):
                foodExist = True
                for sn in snake:
                    if x * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.left and y * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.top:
                        foodExist = False
                        break
                if foodExist:
                    canFoodColl.append({'x': x, 'y': y})
        f = canFoodColl[random.randint(0, len(canFoodColl))]
        foods.append(pygame.Rect(f['x'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, f['y'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))
        print(f['x'])
        print(f['y'])
    else:
        if newTop.colliderect(foods[0]):
            foods = []
            eatFlg = True
        print('xxx')

完整代码 

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *
import copy

# 定义屏幕的宽高
WIDTH = 400
HEIGHT = 400
# 初始化屏幕 设置窗口标题
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

pygame.init()
mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 定义使用的颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

# 设置蛇的初始长度
snakeWidth = 4
# 设置蛇的起始位置为（40，40）
snakeX = 40
snakeY = 40
# 食物和蛇的宽度设置为8
FOODSNAKEWIDTH = 8
# 定义四个方向
# moveLeft moveRight moveUp moveDown
# 定义初始的方向
snakeDirection = "moveRight"

# 食物区间
foods = []
# 用去宽度处以对应的 大小，减去1 就是食物矩形起点可以存在的区间
#sizeNum = HEIGHT / FOODSNAKEWIDTH - 1
# 这里为了减少计算
sizeNum = 39
# 为了简单我们只设置一个食物
foodnum = 1

def getSnake():
    # 设置蛇的初始长度为4,并设置蛇的初始位置为(40,40)
    # 因为贪吃蛇会拐弯，所以将蛇设置为一个列表
    snake = []
    for i in range(snakeWidth):
        snake.append(pygame.Rect(snakeX + i * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, snakeY, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))
    return snake

# 贪吃蛇
snake = getSnake()

while True:

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_LEFT:
                if snakeDirection == "moveRight":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveLeft"
            if event.key == K_RIGHT:
                if snakeDirection == "moveLeft":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveRight"
            if event.key == K_UP:
                if snakeDirection == "moveDown":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveUp"
            if event.key == K_DOWN:
                if snakeDirection == "moveUp":
                    snake.reverse()
                snakeDirection = "moveDown"
    surface.fill(WHITE)
    for s in snake:
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, s)
    for f in foods:
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, GREEN, f)
    pygame.display.update()

    # 是否吃了食物
    eatFlg = False

    newTop = copy.deepcopy(snake[0])
    # 改变蛇的位置
    if snakeDirection == "moveRight":
        if newTop.right == WIDTH:
            newTop.left = 0
        else:
            newTop.left += FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if snakeDirection == "moveLeft":
        if newTop.left == 0:
            newTop.right = WIDTH
        else:
            newTop.left -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if snakeDirection == "moveUp":
        if newTop.top == 0:
            newTop.bottom = HEIGHT
        else:
            newTop.top -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH
    if snakeDirection == "moveDown":
        if newTop.bottom == HEIGHT:
            newTop.top = 0
        else:
            newTop.top += FOODSNAKEWIDTH

    if len(foods) < foodnum:

        canFoodColl = []
        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合
        for x in range(sizeNum):
            for y in range(sizeNum):
                foodExist = True
                for sn in snake:
                    if x * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.left and y * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.top:
                        foodExist = False
                        break
                if foodExist:
                    canFoodColl.append({'x': x, 'y': y})
        f = canFoodColl[random.randint(0, len(canFoodColl))]
        foods.append(pygame.Rect(f['x'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, f['y'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))
        print(f['x'])
        print(f['y'])
    else:
        if newTop.colliderect(foods[0]):
            foods = []
            eatFlg = True
        print('xxx')

    snake.insert(0, newTop)
    if not eatFlg:
        snake.pop()

    mainClock.tick(3) 

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