C#实现Base64编码与解码及规则
一、编码规则
Base64编码的思想是是采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。它将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组。以3个字节为一组。按顺序排列24 位数据,再把这24位数据分成4组,即每组6位。再在每组的的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节。这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节。当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整倍数,也就是说在分组时最后一组不够3个字节。这时在最后一组填充1到2个0字节。并在最后编码完成后在结尾添加1到2个 “=”。
例:将对ABC进行BASE64编码:
1、首先取ABC对应的ASCII码值。A(65)B(66)C(67);
2、再取二进制值A(01000001)B(01000010)C(01000011);
3、然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来(010000010100001001000011);
4、再以6位为单位分成4个数据块,并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值,(00010000)(00010100)(00001001)(00000011),其中蓝色部分为真实数据;
5、再把这四个字节数据转化成10进制数得(16)(20)(9)(3);
6、最后根据BASE64给出的64个基本字符表,查出对应的ASCII码字符(Q)(U)(J)(D),这里的值实际就是数据在字符表中的索引。
注:BASE64字符表:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/
二、解码规则
解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。
三、C#中的实现
编码类:
/// <summary> /// Base64编码类。 /// 将byte[]类型转换成Base64编码的string类型。 /// </summary> public class Base64Encoder { byte[] source; int length, length2; int blockCount; int paddingCount; public static Base64Encoder Encoder = new Base64Encoder(); public Base64Encoder() { } private void init(byte[] input) { source = input; length = input.Length; if ((length % 3) == 0) { paddingCount = 0; blockCount = length / 3; } else { paddingCount = 3 - (length % 3); blockCount = (length + paddingCount) / 3; } length2 = length + paddingCount; } public string GetEncoded(byte[] input) { //初始化 init(input); byte[] source2; source2 = new byte[length2]; for (int x = 0; x < length2; x++) { if (x < length) { source2[x] = source[x]; } else { source2[x] = 0; } } byte b1, b2, b3; byte temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4; byte[] buffer = new byte[blockCount * 4]; char[] result = new char[blockCount * 4]; for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++) { b1 = source2[x * 3]; b2 = source2[x * 3 + 1]; b3 = source2[x * 3 + 2]; temp1 = (byte)((b1 & 252) >> 2); temp = (byte)((b1 & 3) << 4); temp2 = (byte)((b2 & 240) >> 4); temp2 += temp; temp = (byte)((b2 & 15) << 2); temp3 = (byte)((b3 & 192) >> 6); temp3 += temp; temp4 = (byte)(b3 & 63); buffer[x * 4] = temp1; buffer[x * 4 + 1] = temp2; buffer[x * 4 + 2] = temp3; buffer[x * 4 + 3] = temp4; } for (int x = 0; x < blockCount * 4; x++) { result[x] = sixbit2char(buffer[x]); } switch (paddingCount) { case 0: break; case 1: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '='; break; case 2: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '='; result[blockCount * 4 - 2] = '='; break; default: break; } return new string(result); } private char sixbit2char(byte b) { char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{ 'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M', 'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z', 'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m', 'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z', '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'}; if ((b >= 0) && (b <= 63)) { return lookupTable[(int)b]; } else { return ' '; } } }
解码类:
///<summary> ///Base64解码类 ///将Base64编码的string类型转换成byte[]类型 ///</summary> publicclassBase64Decoder { char[]source; intlength,length2,length3; intblockCount; intpaddingCount; publicstaticBase64DecoderDecoder=newBase64Decoder(); publicBase64Decoder() { } privatevoidinit(char[]input) { inttemp=0; source=input; length=input.Length; for(intx=0;x<2;x++) { if(input[length-x-1]=='=') temp++; } paddingCount=temp; blockCount=length/4; length2=blockCount*3; } publicbyte[]GetDecoded(stringstrInput) { //初始化 init(strInput.ToCharArray()); byte[]buffer=newbyte[length]; byte[]buffer2=newbyte[length2]; for(intx=0;x<length;x++) { buffer[x]=char2sixbit(source[x]); } byteb,b1,b2,b3; bytetemp1,temp2,temp3,temp4; for(intx=0;x<blockCount;x++) { temp1=buffer[x*4]; temp2=buffer[x*4+1]; temp3=buffer[x*4+2]; temp4=buffer[x*4+3]; b=(byte)(temp1<<2); b1=(byte)((temp2&48)>>4); b1+=b; b=(byte)((temp2&15)<<4); b2=(byte)((temp3&60)>>2); b2+=b; b=(byte)((temp3&3)<<6); b3=temp4; b3+=b; buffer2[x*3]=b1; buffer2[x*3+1]=b2; buffer2[x*3+2]=b3; } length3=length2-paddingCount; byte[]result=newbyte[length3]; for(intx=0;x<length3;x++) { result[x]=buffer2[x]; } returnresult; } privatebytechar2sixbit(charc) { char[]lookupTable=newchar[64]{ 'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N', 'O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z', 'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n', 'o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z', '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'}; if(c=='=') return0; else { for(intx=0;x<64;x++) { if(lookupTable[x]==c) return(byte)x; } return0; } } } //解码类结束
提示:
上面的代码只是说明base64编码的原理,以便用更多语言重写。但.net里面可以使用更简单的方法:
编码:
byte[]bytes=Encoding.Default.GetBytes("要转换的字符串");
Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
解码:
//"ztKwrsTj"是“我爱你”的base64编码
byte[]outputb=Convert.FromBase64String("ztKwrsTj");
stringorgStr=Encoding.Default.GetString(outputb);
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