C++实现LeetCode(161.一个编辑距离)

[LeetCode] 161. One Edit Distance 一个编辑距离

Given two strings s and t, determine if they are both one edit distance apart.

Note: 

There are 3 possiblities to satisify one edit distance apart:

  1. Insert a character into s to get t
  2. Delete a character from s to get t
  3. Replace a character of s to get t

Example 1:

Input: s = "ab", t = "acb" Output: true
Explanation: We can insert 'c' into s to get t.

Example 2:

Input: s = "cab", t = "ad"

Output: false

Explanation: We cannot get t from s by only one step.

Example 3:

Input: s = "1203", t = "1213"
Output: true
Explanation: We can replace '0' with '1' to get t.

这道题是之前那道 Edit Distance 的拓展，然而这道题并没有那道题难，这道题只让我们判断两个字符串的编辑距离是否为1，那么只需分下列三种情况来考虑就行了：

1. 两个字符串的长度之差大于1，直接返回False。

2. 两个字符串的长度之差等于1，长的那个字符串去掉一个字符，剩下的应该和短的字符串相同。

3. 两个字符串的长度之差等于0，两个字符串对应位置的字符只能有一处不同。

分析清楚了所有的情况，代码就很好写了，参见如下：

解法一：

class Solution {
public:
    bool isOneEditDistance(string s, string t) {
        if (s.size() < t.size()) swap(s, t);
        int m = s.size(), n = t.size(), diff = m - n;
        if (diff >= 2) return false;
        else if (diff == 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (s[i] != t[i]) {
                    return s.substr(i + 1) == t.substr(i);
                }
            }
            return true;
        } else {
            int cnt = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
                if (s[i] != t[i]) ++cnt;
            }
            return cnt == 1;
        }
    }
};

我们实际上可以让代码写的更加简洁，只需要对比两个字符串对应位置上的字符，如果遇到不同的时候，这时看两个字符串的长度关系，如果相等，则比较当前位置后的字串是否相同，如果s的长度大，那么比较s的下一个位置开始的子串，和t的当前位置开始的子串是否相同，反之如果t的长度大，则比较t的下一个位置开始的子串，和s的当前位置开始的子串是否相同。如果循环结束，都没有找到不同的字符，那么此时看两个字符串的长度是否相差1，参见代码如下：

解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    bool isOneEditDistance(string s, string t) {
        for (int i = 0; i < min(s.size(), t.size()); ++i) {
            if (s[i] != t[i]) {
                if (s.size() == t.size()) return s.substr(i + 1) == t.substr(i + 1);
                if (s.size() < t.size()) return s.substr(i) == t.substr(i + 1);
                else return s.substr(i + 1) == t.substr(i);
            }
        }
        return abs((int)s.size() - (int)t.size()) == 1;
    }
};

Github 同步地址：

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/161

类似题目：

Edit Distance

参考资料：

https://leetcode.com/problems/one-edit-distance/

https://leetcode.com/problems/one-edit-distance/discuss/50108/C%2B%2B-DP

https://leetcode.com/problems/one-edit-distance/discuss/50098/My-CLEAR-JAVA-solution-with-explanation

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