VC++ 6.0 C语言实现俄罗斯方块详细教程

今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。

1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。

2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。

3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。

4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。

5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。

6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。

7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。

8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。

根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：

# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
 void main()
 {
   initgraph(640,480);
   setcolor(BROWN);
   line(200,200,300,130);
   line(400,200,300,130);
   rectangle(200,200,400,380);
   setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));
   circle(255,260,20);
   circle(345,260,20);
   rectangle(280,300,310,360);
   getch();
   closegraph();
 } 

还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：

# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# define PI 3.1415926
 void main()
 {
   initgraph(640, 480);
   int x,y,r=200,c;
   double a;
   for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)
   {
     x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);
     y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);
     c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));
     setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));
     line(320,240,x,y);
   }
   getch();
   closegraph();
 } 

9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。

有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。

# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
 void main()
 {
   int i,y;
   initgraph(640,480);
   for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)
   {
     setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));
     line(0,y,639,y);
     line(0,y+2,639,y+2);
     Sleep(10);
     setcolor(BLACK);
     line(0,y,639,y);
   }
   getch();
   closegraph();
 } 

10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。

11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：

# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <graphics.h>
 void main()
 {
   int t=10;
   while(t--)
   {
     srand(time(NULL));
     printf("%d\n",rand());
     Sleep(1000);
   }
} 

12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.

13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。

# include <stdio.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
 void main()
 {
   int key;
   while(1)
   {
     if(kbhit())
     {
       key=getch();
       if(key==224)
         key=getch();
       printf("%d",key);
     }
     else
       printf("*");
     Sleep(500);
   }
 } 

14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。

15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。

16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");

# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <stdio.h>
 void main()
 {
   char s[10];
   initgraph(640,480);
   setfont(42,0,"隶体");
   outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块");
   sprintf(s,"%d",2015);
   outtextxy(250,250,s);
   getch();
   closegraph();
 } 

上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。

# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <graphics.h>
 int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;
 int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};
 int block[36][5][5]=
 {
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
   {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
 };
 void Interface();//界面的设计
 void nextblock();//生成下一个方块
 void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中
 void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块
 int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动
 int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转
 void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置
 void full();//判断有没有能够消行的
 void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行
 int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束
 int main()
 {
   int i,j;
   Interface();
   nextblock();
   Sleep(500);
   memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
   while(1)
   {
   newblock();
   full();
   if(gameover())
     break;
   }
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
 }
 void Interface()
 {
   int i,j;
   char str[10];
   initgraph(550, 660);
   HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();
   SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块         制作:丶阿明");
   Sleep(2000);
   setfont(40,0,"隶体");
   setcolor(RED);
   outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");
   setfont(40,0,"楷体");
   for(i=0;i<=255;i++)
     for(j=0;j<=255;j++)
     {
       setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));
       outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!");
     }
     Sleep(2000);
     setcolor(YELLOW);
     setfont(22,0,"隶体");
     outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");
     setfont(22,0,"楷体");
     outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以");
     setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);
     Sleep(2500);
     outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!");
     getch();
     cleardevice();
     setcolor(WHITE);
     rectangle(29,29,334,633);
     rectangle(28,28,335,634);
     rectangle(370,50,515,195);
     setfont(24,0, "楷体");
     setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);
     outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:");
     setcolor(RED);
     outtextxy(405,280,"分数:");
     sprintf(str,"%d",score);
     outtextxy(415,310,str);
     outtextxy(405,375,"等级:");
     sprintf(str,"%d",rank);
     outtextxy(425,405,str);
     setfont(22,0, "楷体");
     setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);
     outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:");
     outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转");
     outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");
     outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");
     outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");
     outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停");
 }
 void nextblock()
 {
   int i,j,x=391,y=71;
   setfont(23,0,"楷体");
   setcolor(BLACK);
   for(i=0;i<5;i++)
     for(j=0;j<5;j++)
       outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
     srand(time(NULL));
     a=rand()%9;
     setcolor(color[a]);
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
       for(j=0;j<5;j++)
         if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)
           outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
 }
 void newblock()
 {
   int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;
   if(A==0||A==1||A==6)
     y-=60;
   else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)
     y-=40;
   else
     y-=80;
   setfont(23,0,"楷体");
   setcolor(color[A]);
   for(i=0;i<5;i++)
     for(j=0;j<5;j++)
       if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)
         outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
       Sleep(100);
       nextblock();
       move(x,y,A);
 }
 void move(int x,int y,int A)
 {
   int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;
   while(1)
   {
     f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);
     if(f==0)
     {
       mark(x,y+k,A,next);
       break;
     }
     if(kbhit())
     {
       key=getch();
       if(key==32)
         getch();
     }
     setcolor(BLACK);
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
       for(j=0;j<5;j++)
         if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)
           outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");
         if(kbhit())
         {
           key=getch();
           if(key==72)
           {
             nex=(next+1)%4;
             if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))
               next=nex;
           }
           else if(key==80)
             Speed=50;
           else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))
             x-=20;
           else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))
             x+=20;
         }
         setcolor(color[A]);
         for(i=0;i<5;i++)
           for(j=0;j<5;j++)
             if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)
               outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");
             Sleep(Speed);
             k+=20;
       }
 }
 int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)
 {
   int i,j,x,y,f=1;
   x=(y0-minY)/20;
   y=(x0-minX)/20;
   if(dir=='x')
   {
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
       for(j=0;j<5;j++)
       if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))
         f=0;
   }
   else if(dir=='z')
   {
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
       for(j=0;j<5;j++)
         if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))
           f=0;
   }
   else if(dir=='y')
   {
     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
       for(j=0;j<5;j++)
         if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))
           f=0;
   }
   return f;
 }
 int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)
 {
   int i,j,x,y,f=1;
   x=(y0-minY)/20;
   y=(x0-minX)/20;
   if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))
     f=0;
   for(i=0;i<5;i++)
     for(j=0;j<5;j++)
       if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))
         f=0;
       return f;
 }
 void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)
 {
   int i,j,x,y;
   x=(y0-minY)/20;
   y=(x0-minX)/20;
   for(i=0;i<5;i++)
     for(j=0;j<5;j++)
       if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)
       {
         visit[x+i][y+j]=1;
         Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];
       }
 }
 void full()
 {
   int i,j,k=0;
   char str[10];
   for(i=29;i>=0;i--)
   {
     for(j=0;j<15;j++)
       if(visit[i][j]==0)
         break;
       if(j==15)
       {
         k++;
         down(i);
         i++;
       }
   }
   setcolor(RED);
   score+=10*k;
   sprintf(str,"%d",score);
   outtextxy(415,310,str);
   rank=(score/50);
   sprintf(str,"%d",rank);
   outtextxy(425,405,str);
   speed=500-100*rank;
   if(speed==0)
     speed=100;
   if(score>=300)
     speed=75;
 }
 void down(int x)
 {
   int i,j;
   for(i=x;i>0;i--)
     for(j=0;j<15;j++)
       if(visit[i-1][j]==1)
       {
         visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];
         Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];
         setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);
         outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");
       }
       else
       {
         visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];
         setcolor(BLACK);
         outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");
       }
       setcolor(BLACK);
       for(j=0;j<15;j++)
       {
         visit[0][j]=0;
         outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");
       }
 }
 int gameover()
 {
   int i,j;
   for(i=0;i<15;i++)
     if(visit[0][i]==1)
     {
       for(i=0;i<=7;i++)
       {
         setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));
         for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))
           outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");
         for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))
           outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");
         for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))
           outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");
         for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))
           outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");
       }
       setcolor(WHITE);
       setfont(45,0,"隶体");
       outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");
       Sleep(5000);
       return 1;
     }
     return 0;
 } 

我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。

我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。

附上效果图：

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