Python使用Paramiko模块编写脚本进行远程服务器操作

简介:
paramiko是python(2.2或更高)的模块,遵循SSH2协议实现了安全(加密和认证)连接远程机器。
安装所需软件包:
http://ftp.dlitz.net/pub/dlitz/crypto/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.5.tar.gz
http://www.lag.net/paramiko/download/paramiko-1.7.7.1.tar.gz

tar zxvf pycrypto-2.5.tar.gz
cd pycrypto-2.5
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
tar zxvf paramiko-1.7.7.1.tar.gz
cd paramiko-1.7.7.1
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

脚本简单编写:
管理单台服务器:

脚本一：查询172.16.22.23磁盘使用情况

#!/usr/bin/python
import paramiko
hostname="172.16.22.23"
port=22
username="root"
password="larryroot"
if __name__=="__main__":
    s=paramiko.SSHClient()
    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
    stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command("df -Th")
    print stdout.read()
    s.close()

脚本二：在远程服务器上执行相应命令

#!/usr/bin/python
#by larry
#2011/01/30
import sys
import paramiko 

hostname=sys.argv[1]
command = " ".join(sys.argv[2:])
port=22
username="root"
password="larryroot"
if __name__=="__main__":
    s=paramiko.SSHClient()
    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
    stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command(command)
    print stdout.read()
    s.close()

使用方法：

python single1.py ip地址  命令
[root@localhost ~]# python single1.py 172.16.22.23 df -TH

Filesystem  Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2   ext3   13G  6.0G  5.7G 52% /
/dev/sda1   ext3   104M  12M  87M 13% /boot
tmpfs    tmpfs   61M   0  61M  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda4   ext3   7.6G  465M  6.8G  7% /data
/dev/sdb1   ext3   32G  5.9G  25G 20% /autocd
[root@localhost ~]# python single1.py 172.16.22.23 free -m
total    used    free   shared  buffers   cached
Mem:      114    112     2     0     26     35
-/+ buffers/cache:     50     64
Swap:     1027     0    1027

脚本三:管理多台服务器：批量查询ip列表中对应服务器的磁盘使用情况

#!/usr/bin/python
#by larry
#2011/01/30
import paramiko
port=22
username="root"
file=open("ip.list")
for line in file:
    hostname=str(line.split("\t")[1])
    password=str(line.split("\t")[4]).strip()
    print "##########################",hostname,"########################"
    s=paramiko.SSHClient()
    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
    stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command("df -Th")
    print stdout.read()
    s.close()
file.close()

用法：

[root@localhost ~]# python ssh.py

############################ 172.16.22.22 ########################
Filesystem  Type  Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2   ext3   12G 5.6G 5.3G 52% /
/dev/sda1   ext3   99M  12M  83M 13% /boot
tmpfs    tmpfs   58M   0  58M  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda4   ext3  7.1G 443M 6.3G  7% /data
/dev/sdb1   ext3   30G 5.5G  23G 20% /autocd
############################ 172.16.22.23 ########################
Filesystem  Type  Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2   ext3   15G 2.6G  11G 19% /
/dev/sda1   ext3   99M  12M  82M 13% /boot
tmpfs    tmpfs   60M   0  60M  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda4   ext3   33G 377M  31G  2% /data

ip.list文件内容：

dx   172.16.22.22  22  root  larryroot
wt   172.16.22.23  22  root  larryroot

脚本四:类似于脚本二,在所有远程服务器上执行相应命令

#!/usr/bin/python
#by larry
#2011/01/30
import paramiko
import sys
port=22
username="root"
command = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
file=open("ip.list")
for line in file:
    hostname=str(line.split("\t")[1])
    password=str(line.split("\t")[4]).strip()
    print "##################",hostname,"######################"
    s=paramiko.SSHClient()
    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    s.connect(hostname,port,username,password)
    stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command(command)
    print stdout.read()
    s.close()
file.close()

用法:

python ssh.py 命令

简单整理到这里通过python的paramiko模块可以很方便的管理服务器，文件的上传下载后续会整理出来。

SSH
下面是通过ssh的dsa或rsa公钥验证批量登录服务器执行命令：

#!/usr/bin/python
#2012/02/02 by larry
import paramiko
import sys,os
port=22
username="larry"
key_file="~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
know_host="/home/larry/.ssh/known_hosts"
command=" ".join(sys.argv[1:]) ####获取命令行参数
file=open("ip.list")
for line in file:
    hostname=str(line.split(" ")[1]) ####截取ip字段
    print "#####################################",hostname,"###############################################"
    s=paramiko.SSHClient()
    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    s.load_system_host_keys(know_host)
    s.connect(hostname,port,username,key_file)
    stdin,stdout,sterr=s.exec_command(command)
    print stdout.read().strip()
    s.close()
file.close()

执行python脚本:

python sshkey.py df -h

################172.16.22.22########################
Filesystem      Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
14G 3.5G 9.7G 27% /
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-data
116G  47G  64G 43% /data
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   99M  13M  82M 14% /boot
tmpfs         5.9G   0 5.9G  0% /dev/shm