JavaScript随机打乱数组顺序之随机洗牌算法
假如有一个数组是这样子:
var arr1 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];
如何随机打乱数组顺序,也即洗牌。
有一个比较广为传播的简单随机算法:
function RandomSort (a,b){ return (0.5 - Math.random()); }
实际证明上面这个并不完全随机。
随便一搜网上太多这种东西了,看一下stackoverflow上的一个高分回答,答案出自github上。
knuth-shuffle
The Fisher-Yates (aka Knuth) shuffle for Browser and Node.JS
下面一起看看上面说的这个算法,代码如下:
/*jshint -W054 */ (function (exports) { 'use strict'; // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2450954/how-to-randomize-shuffle-a-javascript-array function shuffle(array) { var currentIndex = array.length , temporaryValue , randomIndex ; // While there remain elements to shuffle... while (0 !== currentIndex) { // Pick a remaining element... randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * currentIndex); currentIndex -= 1; // And swap it with the current element. temporaryValue = array[currentIndex]; array[currentIndex] = array[randomIndex]; array[randomIndex] = temporaryValue; } return array; } exports.knuthShuffle = shuffle; }('undefined' !== typeof exports && exports || 'undefined' !== typeof window && window || global));
作者推荐使用浏览器写法:
(function () { 'use strict'; var a = [2,11,37,42] , b ; // The shuffle modifies the original array // calling a.slice(0) creates a copy, which is assigned to b b = window.knuthShuffle(a.slice(0)); console.log(b); }());
Nodejs:
npm install -S knuth-shuffle (function () { 'use strict'; var shuffle = require('knuth-shuffle').knuthShuffle , a = [2,11,37,42] , b ; // The shuffle modifies the original array // calling a.slice(0) creates a copy, which is assigned to b b = shuffle(a.slice(0)); console.log(b); }());
还有其它从这个算法中变形去的,比如下面这个for循环的。其它的就不说了。
/** * Randomize array element order in-place. * Using Durstenfeld shuffle algorithm. */ function shuffleArray(array) { for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1)); var temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } return array; }
使用ES2015(ES6)
Array.prototype.shuffle = function() { let m = this.length, i; while (m) { i = (Math.random() * m--) >>> 0; [this[m], this[i]] = [this[i], this[m]] } return this; }
使用:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].shuffle();
发现中文搜索随机算法一大堆,但究竟是不是完全随机,效率和兼容性都有待考究,建议后面如果有需要用到随机打乱数组元素,可以用上面这个。
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