深入了解Java SpringBoot自动装配原理
目录
- 自动装配原理
- SpringBootApplication
- EnableAutoConfiguration
- AutoConfigurationImportSelector
- 总结
在使用springboot时,很多配置我们都没有做,都是springboot在帮我们完成,这很大一部分归功于springboot自动装配,那springboot的自动装配的原理是怎么实现的呢?
自动装配原理
springboot 版本:2.4.3
SpringBootApplication
springboot启动类必须要加@SpringBootApplication注解,那这个注解是什么意思呢?
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication {
抛开元数据注解来说,SpringBootApplication注解主要由@SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@ComponentScan组成。这三个又有不同的作用如下:
- @SpringBootConfiguration:被@Configuration标记,表示这是个springboot配置,支持JavaConfig的方式来进行配置。
- @EnableAutoConfiguration:表示开启自动装配(重点介绍)
- @ComponentScan:扫描注解,扫描basePackages包下的bean并将他们注入到IOC容器中,比如:@Service、@Controller、@Component等注解。
EnableAutoConfiguration
真正开启自动配置的还是@EnableAutoConfiguration注解,来看下EnableAutoConfiguration注解源码:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
@EnableAutoConfiguration 又是由@AutoConfigurationPackage和@Import注解组成。
- @AutoConfigurationPackage是一个复合注解的,它在内部使用@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)注解,Registrar是AutoConfigurationPackages的一个内部类,它的作用就是注册一个springboot启动类所在的包名,这个包名可以供列如JPA的使用。
- AutoConfigurationImportSelector通过selectImports方法将配置类导入,从而完成bean的装配
AutoConfigurationImportSelector
AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现了DeferredImportSelector接口,DeferredImportSelector是ImportSelector的变种,它是一个延迟选择器。实现了DeferredImportSelector接口的子类如果重新了getImportGroup方法并返回DeferredImportSelector内部接口Group的子类,DeferredImportSelector接口的子类的子类将不会调用selectImports而是调用Group的selectImports方法。
接下来看看AutoConfigurationImportSelector重写了getImportGroup方法并返回一个内部类AutoConfigurationGroup,AutoConfigurationGroup#selectImports方法只是对配置数组进行排序筛选,真正处理自动配置的流程的是process方法。
process方法源码如下:
@Override public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) { Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector, () -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s", AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(), deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName())); AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector) .getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata); this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry); for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) { this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata); } }
process方法就是对AutoConfigurationGroup一些属性的填充,起作用的还是AutoConfigurationImportSelector.getAutoConfigurationEntry方法。
getAutoConfigurationEntry方法中经过各种判断过滤、去重等操作,最后返回AutoConfigurationEntry对象。源码如下
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return EMPTY_ENTRY; } //获取EnableAutoConfiguration注解的exclude和excludeName属性 AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata); //获取所有配置类 List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); //去除重复配置类 configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); //移除 exclude的配置类 configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations); fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions); }
getAutoConfigurationEntry 筛选的自动配置类:
getAutoConfigurationEntry方法中要重点分析的是getCandidateConfigurations方法。getCandidateConfigurations的作用是获取所有自动装配的配置类的全限定名。
来看下getCandidateConfigurations方法源码:
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; } protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() { return EnableAutoConfiguration.class; }
这里面用到了SpringFactoriesLoader是spring提供的一种加载配置的方式,它会将类从配置文件中读取到,然后利用反射将bean加载到IOC容器中。
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames中会加载META-INF/spring.factories自动配置类。这些配置类在spring.factories文件中是以key=value的形式存储的,来看下部分自动配置类:
# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
来看下SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames源码:
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories"; public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader; if (classLoaderToUse == null) { classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader(); } String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName(); return loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList()); } private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) { Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader); if (result != null) { return result; } result = new HashMap<>(); try { Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url); Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) { String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim(); String[] factoryImplementationNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue()); for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) { result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>()) .add(factoryImplementationName.trim()); } } } // Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct() .collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList))); cache.put(classLoader, result); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } return result; }
loadFactoryNames方法只是传递一个org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration作为key,然后取到对应的自动配置类列表。
最终调用的是loadSpringFactories方法,loadSpringFactories会从jar包中找到spring.factories文件然后将其中的自动配置类存到一个map中,从下图可以看到map中存在很多bean,loadFactoryNames方法在加载自动配置类时只取了一个key。弱水三千,只取一瓢。
loadSpringFactories返回结果:
自动装配流程图大致如下:
总结
EnableAutoConfiguration注解开启自动装配,其上的标记的@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)注解中导入配置类
AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现DeferredImportSelector接口,并重写了getImportGroup方法并返回AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationGroup,AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationGroup.process开始处理自动配置流程。
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.getCandidateConfigurations获取所有配置类getAutoConfigurationEntry方法筛选,去重、移除不符合条件的自动配置类。
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadSpringFactories从jar包中找到所有META-INF/spring.factories文件并读取自动配置类,存放到map中, loadFactoryNames方法通过全限定名org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration找到自动配置类。
最后经过层层筛选,去重、移除不符合条件的bean,由ConfigurationClassPostProcessor#processConfigBeanDefinitions注册所有的自动配置类。
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