Objective-C中使用NSString类操作字符串的方法小结

一、字符串切割
1、带节点的字符串，如@"<p>讨厌的节点<br/></p>"我们只想要中间的中文

处理方法：

代码如下:

NSString *string1 = @"<p>讨厌的节点<br/></p>";
 
/*此处将不想要的字符全部放进characterSet1中，不需另外加逗号或空格之类的，除非字符串中有你想要去除的空格，此处< p /等都是单独存在，不作为整个字符*/
 
NSCharacterSet *characterSet1 = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"<p/brh>"];
 
// 将string1按characterSet1中的元素分割成数组
 
NSArray *array1 = [string1 componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:characterSet1];
 
NSLog(@"array = %@",array1);
 
for(NSString *string1 in array1)
{
    if ([string1 length]>0) {
        
        // 此处string即为中文字符串
 
        NSLog(@"string = %@",string1);
    }
}

打印结果：

2016-01-17 10:55:34.017 string[17634:303]
array = (
 "",
 "",
 "",
 "\U8ba8\U538c\U7684\U8282\U70b9",
 "",
 "",
 "",
 "",
 "",
 "",
 "",
 "",
 ""
)
2016-01-17 10:55:34.049 string[17634:303]
string = 讨厌的节点

2、带空格的字符串，如

@"hello world"去掉空格

代码如下:

NSString *string2 = @"hello world";
 
/*处理空格*/
 
NSCharacterSet *characterSet2 = [NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet];
 
// 将string1按characterSet1中的元素分割成数组
NSArray *array2 = [string2 componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:characterSet2];
 
NSLog(@"\narray = %@",array2);
 
// 用来存放处理后的字符串
NSMutableString *newString1 = [NSMutableString string];
 
for(NSString *string in array1)
{
    [newString1 appendString:string];
}
NSLog(@"newString = %@", newString1);

打印结果：

2016-01-17 11:02:49.656 string[17889:303]
array = (
 hello,
 world
)
2016-01-17 11:02:49.657 string[17889:303] newString = helloworld

PS：处理字母等其他元素只需将NSCharacterSet的值改变即可。

代码如下:

+ (id)controlCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)whitespaceCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)decimalDigitCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)letterCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)lowercaseLetterCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)uppercaseLetterCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)nonBaseCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)alphanumericCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)decomposableCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)illegalCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)punctuationCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)capitalizedLetterCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)symbolCharacterSet;
 
+ (id)newlineCharacterSet NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
 
+ (id)characterSetWithRange:(NSRange)aRange;
 
+ (id)characterSetWithCharactersInString:(NSString *)aString;
 
+ (id)characterSetWithBitmapRepresentation:(NSData *)data;
 
+ (id)characterSetWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)fName;

二、用字符将NSArray中的元素拼接起来

代码如下:

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"hello",@"world",nil];
 
//如要用,:等字符串拼接，只需将下面的@" "空格换成@","或@":"即可
NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@" "];
 
NSLog(@"string = %@",string);

打印结果：

hello world

三、截取子串：

这里以获取时间为例，利用NSDate获取到当前时间时，有时候只需要日期或者只需要时间

1、从字符串开头截取到指定的位置，如

代码如下:

//获取到当前日期时间   
NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
        
//定义日期格式,此处不重点讨论NSDate，故不详细说明，在后面会详细讨论      
NSDateFormatter *dateformatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
        
//设置日期格式       
[dateformatter setDateFormat:@"YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm"];
        
//将日期转换成NSString类型     
NSString *string = [dateformatter stringFromDate:date];
NSLog(@"\ncurrent = %@",string);
               
//截取日期substringToIndex
NSString *currentDate = [string substringToIndex:10];
                
NSLog(@"\ncurrentDate = %@",currentDate);

打印结果：

current = 2016-01-1711:12

currentDate = 2016-01-17

2、抽取中间子串-substringWithRange

代码如下:

//截取月日
NSString *currentMonthAndDate = [string substringWithRange:[NSMakeRange(5, 5)]];
        
NSLog(@"currentMonthAndDate = %@",currentMonthAndDate);

打印结果：

currentMonthAndDate = 06-27

3、从某一位置开始截取- substringFromIndex

代码如下:

//截取时间substringFromIndex
NSString *currentTime = [string substringFromIndex:11];
        
NSLog(@"\ncurrentTime = %@",currentTime);\

打印结果：

currentTime = 11:25

四、比较字符串


代码如下:

NSString *first = @"string";
NSString *second = @"String";

1、判断两个字符串是否相同-isEqualToString方法

代码如下:

BOOL isEqual = [first isEqualToString:second];
 
NSLog(@"first is Equal to second:%@",isEqual);

打印结果：

first is Equal to second:0

2、compare方法比较字符串三个值

代码如下:

NSOrderedSame//是否相同
NSOrderedAscending//升序，按字母顺序比较，大于为真
NSOrderedDescending//降序，按字母顺序比较，小于为真

BOOL result = [first compare:sencond] == NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

打印结果：

result:0

代码如下:

BOOL result = [first compare:second] == NSOrderedAscending;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

打印结果：

result:0

代码如下:

BOOL result = [first compare:second] == NSOrderedDecending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

打印结果：

result:1

3、不考虑大小写比较字符串

代码如下:

BOOL result = [first compare:second
                     options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] == NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

打印结果：

result:1

五、改变字符串大小写


代码如下:

NSString *aString = @"A String";
NSString *string = @"String";
//大写
NSLog(@"aString:%@",[aString uppercaseString]);
//小写
NSLog(@"string:%@",[string lowercaseString]);
//首字母大小写
NSLog(@"string:%@",[string capitalizedString]);

打印结果：

aString:A STRING

string:string

string:String

六、在字符串中搜索子串


代码如下:

NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = @"string";
NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];
NSUInteger location = range.location;
NSUInteger leight = range.length;
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%li,Leight:%li",location,leight]];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

打印结果：

astring:Location:10,Leight:6